Tag Archives: Premeditation and Deliberation


Chiu Error: Review Granted to Reconsider People v. Favor (2012) 54 Cal.4th 868
August 15th, 2016

The CSC has granted review in several cases to consider whether to convict an aider and abettor of attempted willful, deliberate and premeditated murder under the natural and probable consequences doctrine, must a premeditated attempt to murder have been a natural and probable consequence of the target offense? In other words, should People v. Favor […]


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Chiu Applies Retroactively to Convictions That Were Final on Appeal When Chiu Was Decided
August 9th, 2016

In re Lopez (2016) 246 CA4th 350 concerned a conviction which was final on appeal when People v. Chiu (2014) 59 C4th 155 was decided. See The Chiu Doctrine Explained.  The Chiu opinion did not state whether it applied retroactively to convictions that were final on appeal when it was decided. Lopez concluded that Chiu […]


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Chiu Doctrine Not Applicable to Transferred Intent
August 1st, 2016

People v. Chiu (2014) 59 C4th 155 held that an aider and abettor could not be found guilty of premeditated murder under the natural and probable consequences doctrine because the mental state for premeditation and deliberation is “uniquely subjective and personal.” (See The Chiu Doctrine Explained.) However, People v. Vasquez (2016) 246 CA4th 1019 held […]


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The Chiu Doctrine Applies to Conspiracy Liability
July 12th, 2016

In Chiu the Supreme Court held an aider and abettor may not be convicted of first degree premeditated murder under the natural and probable consequences doctrine. An aider and abettor’s liability for premeditated first degree murder must be based on direct aiding and abetting principles. See The Chiu Doctrine Explained In re Lopez (2016) 246 […]


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The Chiu Doctrine Explained
July 8th, 2016

People v. Chiu (2014) 59 C4th 155 created an important exception to the natural and probable consequences doctrine with respect to premeditated malice murder and attempted murder. As Chiu explained, “[t]here are two distinct forms of culpability for aiders and abettors. First, an aider and abettor with the necessary mental state is guilty of the […]


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Provocation And Premeditation/Deliberation
August 3rd, 2015

  In People v. Hernandez (2010) 183 Cal. App. 4th 1327, the defendant argued that CC 522 failed to specifically state that provocation can negate premeditation and deliberation necessary for first degree murder. The reviewing court acknowledged that CJ 8.73 did specifically state that premeditation and deliberation can be negated by provocation. However, CC 522 […]


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Aider And Abettor: Natural And Probable Consequences – Unanimity As To Commission Of Nontarget Offense
January 21st, 2015

  The majority opinion in People v. Smith (2014) 60 Cal. 4th 603 concluded that the requirement of juror unanimity as to all essential elements of the charge does not apply to commission of the nontarget offense alleged under the natural and probable consequences doctrine:    The prosecution theory was that Littleton was the killer. […]


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