Tag Archives: Jury Unanimity (Duplicity)


No Dual Convictions of PC 245(c) Based on the Same Act or Course of Conduct
March 6th, 2020

PC 954 authorizes multiple convictions for different or distinct offenses but does not permit multiple convictions for a different statement of the same offense when it is based on the same act or course of conduct. (People v. Vidana (2016) 1 Cal.5th 632, 650.) Whether a statute defines different offenses or merely different ways of […]


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Jury Unanimity (CC 3500 or CC 3501): Child Molestation: Emphasis of What Must Be Found Vis a Vis Multiple Sex Crimes
May 8th, 2015

To convict a defendant of multiple sex crimes that are not distinguished: the jury must find 3 prerequisites “‘We see no constitutional impediment to allowing a jury, so instructed to find a defendant guilty of more than one indistinguishable act, providing. . .three minimum prerequisites. . .are satisfied.’ [Citation.] Those prerequisites include generic evidence describing […]


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Jury Unanimity: Child Molestation
May 5th, 2015

  In a child molestation case, CC 3501 may be given instead of CC 3500.   “[CC 3501] is an alternative instruction to [CC No. 3500]. [CC 3501] affords two different approaches for the jury to reach the required unanimity. The first is the same as that set forth in [CC 3500]: agreement as to […]


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Juror Unanimity/Duplicity: Receiving Stolen Property
May 1st, 2014

  People v. Mitchell (2008) 164 Cal. App. 4th 442, affirmed a defendant’s conviction of multiple counts of receiving stolen property where the trial court had used CC 1750. The defendant complained on appeal that the trial court had incorrectly rejected a proposed defense instruction on unanimity and instead added a unanimity instruction which could […]


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Jury Unanimity: Child Molestation
February 20th, 2014

In a child molestation case, CC 3501 may be given instead of CC 3500.   “[CC 3501] is an alternative instruction to [CC No. 3500]. [CC 3501] affords two different approaches for the jury to reach the required unanimity. The first is the same as that set forth in [CC 3500]: agreement as to the […]


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