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Jury Unanimity: Child Molestation

 

In a child molestation case, CC 3501 may be given instead of CC 3500.

 

“[CC 3501] is an alternative instruction to [CC No. 3500]. [CC 3501] affords two different approaches for the jury to reach the required unanimity. The first is the same as that set forth in [CC 3500]: agreement as to the acts constituting each offense. But unanimity may also be found under [CC 3501] if the jury agrees ‘that the People have proved that the defendant committed all the acts alleged to have occurred during this time period [and have proved the defendant committed at least the number of offenses charged].’” (People v. Fernandez (2013) 216 Cal. App. 4th 540.)

 

Consciousness of Guilt: False Statements–Defense Theory Of Intoxication

In general, voluntary intoxication may not be considered for general intent crimes. (People v. Mendoza (1998) 18 Cal. 4th 1114, 1127-1128.)

 

However, voluntary intoxication may be relevant on the question of whether a defendant’s statements while intoxicated are probative of the defendant’s veracity within the meaning of CC 362. (People v. Wiidanen (2011) 201 Cal. App. 4th 526, 533.)

 

Wiidanen observed that “a defendant’s false or misleading statements made when he was intoxicated may not be probative of the defendant’s veracity, if the jury believed the defendant was too intoxicated to know his statements were false or misleading.” (Id. at 533.) The defense claimed that the defendant’s voluntary intoxication caused him not to have knowledge that the statements were false or misleading.

 

Hence, CC 362 should not be given with an unmodified version of CC 3426 because CC 3426 requires the jurors to consider voluntary intoxication regarding specific intent crimes, but voluntary intoxication is also relevant regarding whether a defendant’s statements while intoxicated are probative of his veracity. If both CC 362 and 3426 are needed in a case, judges should modify CC 3426 so that the jury can also consider voluntary intoxication regarding a defendant’s knowledge whether his or her statements were false or misleading. (People v. Wiidanen, supra, see also CC 3426 Bench Notes.)

“On or About” Instruction Is Improper When The Defense Theory Is Predicated on the Alleged Timing of the Charged Offense

 

Ordinarily, the state need not prove the precise date on which an alleged offense occurs. (See PC 955.) CC 207 is the CALCRIM instruction on this point.

 

However, where the state charges a defendant with a criminal offense on occurring during particular dates — and when the dates form the basis of the defense (e.g., alibi — it is fundamentally improper to instruct the jury it may nevertheless convict the defendant if it finds the crime was committed reasonably close to the date(s) alleged. (See, e.g., People v. Jennings (1991) 53 Cal.3d 334, 358-359; People v. Jones (1973) 9 Cal.3d 546; People v. Barney, (1983), 143 Cal.App.3d at p. 490. See also generally People v. Gavin (1971) 21 Cal.App.3d 408, 415-420; People v. Whitacre (1926) 79 Cal.App. 27, 31-32.)

 

For briefing alleging ineffectiveness assistance of counsel for not objecting to CC 207 in light of the defendant’s alibi defense see People v. Scott 2014 WL 4655859 (Cal.), 7-13.