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SERIES 1400 CRIMINAL STREET GANGS

  • F 1400 Active Participation In Criminal Street Gang (PC 186.22(a)) (Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
  • F 1400.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 1400.1 Inst 1 Active Participation In Criminal Street Gang—Title
    • F 1400.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 1400.2 Active Participation In Criminal Street Gang—Tailoring To Facts: Persons, Places, Things And Theories
    • F 1400.2 Inst 1 Tailoring To Facts; Specify Predicate Crime; Include Definition In Elements
    • F 1400.2 Inst 2 Pattern Of Criminal Gang Activity: Tailor To Facts; Separate Enumeration Of Elements
  • F 1400.3 Active Participation In Criminal Street Gang—Language That Is Argumentative, Confusing, Etc.
    • F 1400.3 Inst 1 Deletion Of Argumentative Language
    • F 1400.3 Inst 2 Willfully: Argumentative
  • F 1400.4 Active Participation In Criminal Street Gang—Burden Of Proof Issues
    • F 1400.4 Inst 1 Relating Prosecution Burden To Enumerated Elements
    • F 1400.4 Inst 2 “Primary Activity” Of Gang: Must Be Proven Beyond A Reasonable Doubt (PC 186.22)
  • F 1400.5 Active Participation In Criminal Street Gang—Elements And Definitions
    • F 1400.5 Inst 1 Gangs: Definition Of “Primary Activity”—Crimes Must Be “Consistently And Repeatedly” Committed
    • F 1400.5 Inst 2 (a-d) Criminal History And Gang Affiliations Not Alone Or By Itself Sufficient To Prove That Charged Crime Is “Gang Related”
    • F 1400.5 Inst 3 Willfully: Separate Enumeration Of Elements
    • F 1400.5 Inst 4 Willfully: Knowledge
    • F 1400.5 Inst 5 Aiding And Abetting: Issues And Instructions
  • F 1400.6 Active Participation In Criminal Street Gang—Defense Theories
    • F 1400.6 Inst 1 Active Participation; Part Or In Name Only
  • F 1400.7 Active Participation In Criminal Street Gang—Preliminary Fact Issues
    • F 1400.7 Inst 1 Prior Statement Of Deceased Declarant In Gang Case
  • F 1400.8 Active Participation In Criminal Street Gang—Unanimity/Duplicity/Multiplicity [Reserved]
  • F 1400.9 Active Participation In Criminal Street Gang—Lesser Offense Issues [Reserved]
  • F 1400 Notes
    • F 1400 Note 1 Active Participation In Criminal Street Gang—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
    • F 1400 Note 2 Gang Statute Held Constitutional
    • F 1400 Note 3 Definition of Felonious Conduct
    • F 1400 Note 4 Definition of “Separate Occasion”
    • F 1400 Note 5 Gangs: Homicide Not Foreseeable Risk
    • F 1400 Note 6 Federal Constitution Requires Unanimity As To Predicate Offenses
    • F 1400 Note 7 Gang Offense: Pattern Of Criminal Activity Must Occur Prior To The Charged Offense
    • F 1400 Note 8 Gang Offense: No Requirement Of Threat Of Continued Criminal Activity
    • F 1400 Note 9 Single Incident To Prove “Pattern” Of Gang Activity
    • F 1400 Note 10 Gang Offense: PC 186.22(c) Convictions Cannot Stand
    • F 1400 Note 11 Pattern Of Criminal Gang Activity: Propriety Of Relying Exclusively On Currently-Charged Offenses
    • F 1400 Note 12 Active Gang Participation Must Be Current
    • F 1400 Note 13 “Engaged In” vs. “Committed”
    • F 1400 Note 14 Distinction Between Substantive Gang Offense (PC 186.22(a)) And Gang Enhancement (PC 186.22(b))
    • F 1400 Note 15 Gang Statute Applies To Perpetrator As Well As Aider And Abettor
    • F 1400 Note 16 Gangs: Whether Proposition 21 Violates Separation Of Powers
    • F 1400 Note 17 Gangs: PC 186.22(d) Is Not A Separately Chargeable Crime
    • F 1400 Note 18 Gang Offender Registration (PC 186.30)
    • F 1400 Note 19 Gang Conviction Based Entirely On Speech And Association With Another Violates The First Amendment
    • F 1400 Note 20 Criminal Street Gangs: Gang Member Registration Law Unconstitutionally Vague (PC 186.30)
    • F 1400 Note 21 Gang Enhancement (PC 186.22(d)) Applies To Misdemeanors
    • F 1400 Note 22 Multiple Crimes From A Single Occasion: Predicate Crimes For Gang Enhancement (PC 186.22(b))
    • F 1400 Note 23 Gangs: Crime By Aider And Abettor Cannot Be Predicate Offense For “Pattern Of Criminal Gang Activity”
    • F 1400 Note 24 Gang Enhancement And Use Of Firearm
  • F 1400 Revision History and Commentary
  • F 1401 Felony Committed For Benefit Of Criminal Street Gang (PC 186.22(b)(1)) (Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
  • F 1401.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 1401.1 Inst 1 Felony Committed For Benefit Of Criminal Street Gang—Title
    • F 1401.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 1401.2 Felony Committed For Benefit Of Criminal Street Gang—Tailoring To Facts: Persons, Places, Things And Theories
    • F 1401.2 Inst 1 Pattern Of Criminal Gang Activity: Tailor To Facts
  • F 1401.3 Felony Committed For Benefit Of Criminal Street Gang—Language That Is Argumentative, Confusing, Etc.
    • F 1401.3 Inst 1 Jurors Not Required To Decide
  • F 1401.4 Felony Committed For Benefit Of Criminal Street Gang—Burden Of Proof Issues
    • F 1401.4 Inst 1 Relating Prosecution Burden To Enumerated Elements
  • F 1401.5 Felony Committed For Benefit Of Criminal Street Gang—Elements And Definitions
    • F 1401.5 Inst 1 Offense Must Occur During Hours School Is Open
  • F 1401.6 Felony Committed For Benefit Of Criminal Street Gang—Defense Theories [Reserved]
  • F 1401.7 Felony Committed For Benefit Of Criminal Street Gang—Preliminary Fact Issues [Reserved]
  • F 1401.8 Felony Committed For Benefit Of Criminal Street Gang—Unanimity / Duplicity / Multiplicity [Reserved]
  • F 1401.9 Felony Committed For Benefit Of Criminal Street Gang—Lesser Offense Issues [Reserved]
  • F 1401 Notes
    • F 1401 Note 1 Felony Committed For Benefit Of Criminal Street Gang—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
    • F 1401 Note 2 Pattern Of Criminal Gang Activity May Be Proved By Relying Exclusively On Currently-Charged Offenses
    • F 1401 Note 3 “Primary Activity” Of Gang: Current Offenses Are Insufficient (PC 186.22)
    • F 1401 Note 4 Gangs: Whether Proposition 21 Violates Separation Of Powers
    • F 1401 Note 5 Bifurcation Of Gang Enhancement: Severance Analysis
    • F 1401 Note 6 Multiple Crimes From A Single Occasion: Predicate Crimes For Gang Enhancement (PC 186.22(b))
    • F 1401 Note 7 Gang Enhancement Converts Offense To Serious Felony
    • F 1401 Note 8 Distinction Between Substantive Gang Offense (PC 186.22(a)) And Gang Enhancement (PC 186.22(b))
    • F 1401 Note 9 Intent Need Not Be Labeled “Specific”
    • F 1401 Note 10 Improper To Instruct On Gang Enhancement When Defendant Was A Sole Perpetrator
  • F 1401 Revision History and Commentary
  • F 1402 Gang-Related Firearm Enhancement (PC 12022.53(e))
  • F 1402.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 1402.1 Inst 1 Gang-Related Firearm Enhancement—Title
    • F 1402.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 1402.2 Gang-Related Firearm Enhancement—Tailoring To Facts: Persons, Places, Things And Theories
    • F 1402.2 Inst 1 Pattern Of Criminal Gang Activity: Tailor To Facts
  • F 1402.3 Gang-Related Firearm Enhancement—Language That Is Argumentative, Confusing, Etc.
    • F 1402.3 Inst 1 Jurors Not Required To Decide
    • F 1402.3 Inst 2 Deletion Of Argumentative Language
  • F 1402.4 Gang-Related Firearm Enhancement—Burden Of Proof Issues
    • F 1402.4 Inst 1 Relating Prosecution Burden To Enumerated Elements
  • F 1402.5 Gang-Related Firearm Enhancement—Elements And Definitions
    • F 1402.5 Inst 1 Offense Must Occur During Hours School Is Open
    • F 1402.5 Inst 2 Incorporate Definition In Elements And Tailor: Personally Uses
    • F 1402.5 Inst 3 Incorporate Definitional Elements Of Causation In Enumerated Elements
  • F 1402.6 Gang-Related Firearm Enhancement—Defense Theories [Reserved]
  • F 1402.7 Gang-Related Firearm Enhancement—Preliminary Fact Issues [Reserved]
  • F 1402.8 Gang-Related Firearm Enhancement—Unanimity/Duplicity/Multiplicity [Reserved]
  • F 1402.9 Gang-Related Firearm Enhancement—Lesser Offense Issues [Reserved]
  • F 1402 Notes
    • F 1402 Note 1 Gang-Related Firearm Enhancement—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
    • F 1402 Note 2 PC 12022.53(e): 10-20-Life For Unarmed Aider And Abettor With Gang Allegation Is Constitutional
    • F 1402 Note 3 Improper to Instruct On Gang Firearm Enhancement When Gun Was Fired By An Unknown Person
    • F 1402 Note 4 Instructions Should Assure That Jurors Understand Which Counts Require Defendant To Personally Use A Firearm
    • F 1402 Note 5 Restrictions On Gang Expert Testimony
  • F 1403 Limited Purpose of Evidence Of Gang Activity (Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
  • F 1403.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 1403.1 Inst 1 Limited Purpose of Evidence Of Gang Activity—Title
    • F 1403.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 1403.2 Limited Purpose of Evidence Of Gang Activity—Tailoring To Facts: Persons, Places, Things And Theories
    • F 1403.2 Inst 1 Correction Of Burden Shifting Language: Self-Defense
    • F 1403.2 Inst 2 Correction Of Burden Shifting Language: Heat Of Passion
    • F 1403.2 Inst 3 Motive: Issues And Instructions
  • F 1403 Notes
    • F 1403 Note 1 Limited Purpose of Evidence Of Gang Activity—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
    • F 1403 Note 2 Limitations On Expert Testimony Regarding Gangs
    • F 1403 Note 3 Admissibility Of Gang Affiliation Evidence
    • F 1403 Note 4 Gangs: Expert’s Testimony Must Be Based On Personal Knowledge Or Actual Evidence
    • F 1403 Note 5 May Expert Testimony Be Used To Prove “Primary Activity” Element Of Criminal Gang Offense?
    • F 1403 Note 6 Prior Juvenile Adjudications Inadmissible Re: Gang Activity
    • F 1403 Note 7 Use Of Documentary Evidence To Prove Gang Offense
    • F 1403 Note 8 Gang Evidence As Rebuttal To Third Party Defense
    • F 1403 Note 9 Gangs: Testimony Identifying Group As Gang
    • F 1403 Note 10 Gangs: Admissibility Of Gang Profile Evidence
    • F 1403 Note 11 Gang Evidence: Limiting Instruction
    • F 1403 Note 12 Admissibility Of Alleged Tattoo Which Predates Gang Affiliation
    • F 1403 Note 13 Limitations On Expert Testimony Regarding Gangs: Admissibility Of Gang Expert Evidence
    • F 1403 Note 14 Gang Evidence Must Be Closely Scrutinized
    • F 1403 Note 15 Constitutional Challenge To Gang Evidence
    • F 1403 Note 16 Error To Admit Gang Evidence On Undisputed Issue To Which Defense Offered To Stipulate
    • F 1403 Note 17 Prejudicial Impact Of Gang Evidence In Non-Gang Case
    • F 1403 Note 18 18 CC 1403 Is A Cautionary/Limiting Instruction Which Should Not Be Given Over Defense Objection
  • F 1404–1499 Reserved
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