K. SERIES 700 HOMICIDE: SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES AND DEATH PENALTY
*click here to go directly to death penalty (760-766)*
(I) GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS (700-708)
- F 700 SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES: INTRODUCTION (Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
- F 700.1 TITLES AND IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES
- F 700.2 INSTRUCTIONS
- F 701 SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES: INTENT REQUIREMENT FOR ACCOMPLICE BEFORE JUNE 6, 1990 [NO FORECITE ENTRIES ON THIS INSTRUCTION]
- F 702 SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES: INTENT REQUIREMENT FOR ACCOMPLICE AFTER JUNE 5, 1990—OTHER THAN FELONY MURDER (Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
- F 702.1 TITLES AND IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES
- F 702.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Intent Requirement for Accomplice After June 5, 1990—Other Than Felony Murder—Title
- F 702.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
- F 702.2 INSTRUCTIONS
- F 702.2 NOTES
- F 702.2 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Intent—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
- F 702.2 Note 2 Special Circumstances: Transferred Intent
- F 703 SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES: INTENT REQUIREMENT FOR ACCOMPLICE AFTER JUNE 5, 1990—FELONY MURDER, PC 190.2(A)(17)
- F 703.1 TITLES AND IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES
- F 703.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Intent Requirement for Accomplice After June 5, 1990—Felony Murder—Title
- F 703.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
- F 703.2 Instructions
- F 703.2 Inst 1 Concurrence Of Act And Intent To Kill
- F 703.2 Inst 2 “Decide” vs. “Find Beyond A Reasonable Doubt”
- F 703.2 Inst 3 Deletion Of Argumentative And Duplicative Language
- F 703.2 Inst 4 Definition Of Reckless Indifference Requires Knowledge That The Felony Carries A Higher Probability Of Death Than Normally Attends Such Crime (PC 190.2(d))
- F 703.2 Inst 5 Reckless Indifference: Factors For The Jury To Consider
- F 703.2 Inst 6 Mere Knowledge That Accomplice Is Armed Insufficient To Prove Knowledge Of “Grave Risk Of Death”
- F 703 NOTES
- F 703 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Intent Requirement for Accomplice After June 5, 1990—Felony Murder—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
- F 703 Note 2 “Major” Participant Special: Constitutional Challenge
- F 703 Note 3 Ex Post Facto Limitations To “Major” Participant Special
- F 703 Note 4 Special Circumstances: Relationship Of Causation To “Major” Participant Special
- F 703 Note 5 “Major” Participant Special Circumstance: Applicable To Both Death And LWOP Cases
- F 703 Note 6 “Major” Participant Special Circumstance: Requires Subjective Appreciation Of The Life-Threatening Risk, Even If Defendant Was A Major Participant
- F 703 Note 7 Felony Murder Special Circumstance: Definition Of Reckless Indifference
- F 703 Note 8 Constitutional Challenges To “Drive-By” Special Circumstance
- F 703 Note 9 Major Participant Special: Standing By Is Insufficient
- F 703 Note 10 Felony Murder Special Circumstance: Phrase “Major Participant” Not Unconstitutionally Vague
- F 703 Note 11 Drive-by Murder Special Circumstance: Requirement Of Specific Intent
- F 703 Note 12 Felony Murder Special Circumstance: Instruction On Intent To Kill Required When There Is A Possibility That The Defendant Was Not The Actual Killer
- F 703 Note 13 Special Circumstances Requiring Intent To Kill (PC 190.2)
- F 703 Note 14 Duty To Instruct On Reckless Indifference
- F 704 SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES: CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE—SUFFICIENCY (Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
- F 704.1 TITLES AND IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES
- F 704.2 INSTRUCTIONS
- F 704.2 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Circumstantial Evidence—Miscellaneous Issues And Instructions
- F 704.2 Inst 2 Improper To Define Burden Of Proof In Terms Of Being Convinced Or Satisfied
- F 704 NOTES
- F 704 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Circumstantial Evidence—Sufficiency—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
- F 704 Note 2 Special Circumstances: Circumstantial Evidence
- F 705 SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES: CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE—INTENT OR MENTAL STATE
- F 705.1 TITLES AND IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES
- F 705.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Circumstantial Evidence—Intent Or Mental State—Title
- F 705.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
- F 705.2 INSTRUCTIONS
- F 705.2 Inst 1 Deletion Of Surplus Language; Clarification Of Concurrence Of Act And Intent
- F 705 NOTES
- F 705 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Circumstantial Evidence—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
- F 706 SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCE: JURY MAY NOT CONSIDER PUNISHMENT .(Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
- F 706.1 TITLES AND IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES
- F 706.2 INSTRUCTIONS
- F 706.2 Inst 1 Jurors Not Required To Decide
- F 706.2 Inst 2 Jury Not To Consider Penalty: Modification When Witness Testifies Pursuant To Bargain With Prosecution
- F 706.2 Inst 3 Jury Must Not Consider Penalty Between Guilt And Penalty Phase Trials
- F 706.2 Inst 4 Capital Case Preinstruction: Jury Must Not Consider Penalty During Guilt Phase
- F 707 SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES: ACCOMPLICE TESTIMONY MUST BE CORROBORATED—DISPUTE WHETHER WITNESS IS ACCOMPLICE
- F 707.1 TITLES AND IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES
- F 707.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Accomplice Testimony Must Be Corroborated —Dispute Whether Witness Is Accomplice—Title
- F 707.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
- F 707.2 Instructions
- F 708 Special Circumstances: Accomplice Testimony Must Be Corroborated —No Dispute Whether Witness Is Accomplice
- F 708.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 708.2 Instructions
- F 709B 719 Reserved
- (II) Special Circumstance (720-737)
- F 720 Special Circumstances: Financial Gain, PC 190.2(a)(1)
- F 720.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 720.2 Instructions
- F 720 NOTES
- F 720 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Financial Gain, PC 190.2(a)(1)—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
- F 720 Note 2 Financial Gain Special: No Sua Sponte Duty To Instruct As To Concurrence Of Intent (PC 190.2(a)(1))
- F 720 Note 3 Financial Gain Special: Role Of Motive Instruction (CJ 2.51) (PC 190.2(a)(1))
- F 720 Note 4 Victim’s Death Must Be Essential Prerequisite Of The Financial Gain (PC 190.2(a)(1))
- F 720 Note 5 Financial Gain Special: Imputation Of Motive To Aider And Abettor
- F 720 Note 6 Financial Gain Need Not Be the Dominant Motive But Green Rule May Apply (PC 190.2(a)(1))
- F 721 Special Circumstances: Multiple Murder Convictions (Same Case), PC 190.2(a)(3)
- F 721.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 721.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Multiple Murder Convictions (Same Case) )—Title
- F 721.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
- F 721.2 Instructions
- F 721.2 Inst 1 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
- F 721 NOTES
- F 721 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Multiple Murder Convictions (Same Case), PC 190.2(a)(3)—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
- F 721 Note 2 Multiple Murder Special: Overbreadth Constitutional Challenge
- F 721 Note 3 Multiple Murder Special: Overbreadth Constitutional Challenge When Multiple Murders Are Caused By A Single Act
- F 721 Note 4 Multiple Murder Special: Defense Of Duress Should Apply (PC 190.2(a)(3))
- F 721 Note 5 Multiple Murder Special Circumstance: No Double Counting
- F 722 Special Circumstances: By Means Of Destructive Device, PC 190.2(a)(4) & (6)
- F 722.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 722.2 Instructions
- F 722.2 Inst 1 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
- F 722.2 Inst 2 Destructive Device: Reasonable Person Standard As Essential Part Of Element
- F 722.2 Inst 3 Destructive Device Special Circumstance: Improper To Direct Verdict On Element
- F 722 NOTES
- F 722 Note 1 Special Circumstances: By Means Of Destructive Device—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
- F 722 Note 2 Murder By Destructive Device, Etc. (PC 190.2(a)(4) & PC 190.2(a)(6)): Components Must Be An Explosive
- F 722 Note 3 Murder By Destructive Device, Etc. (PC 190.2(a)(4) & PC 190.2(a)(6)): What Is A Bomb Or Explosive Device?
- F 722 Note 4 Availability Of Special Circumstances For Both Use Of A Bomb And Lying In Wait
- F 723 Special Circumstances: Murder to Prevent Arrest or Complete Escape, PC 190.2(a)(5)
- F 723.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 723.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Murder to Prevent Arrest or Complete Escape —Title
- F 723.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
- F 723.2 Instructions
- F 723.2 Inst 1. Separation Of Alternative Grounds; Enumeration And Clarification Of Elements
- F 723.2 Inst 2 Murder to Prevent Arrest or Complete Escape
- F 723.2 Inst 3 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
- F 723.2 Inst 4 Special Circumstances—Murder of Peace Officer: Required Specific Intent To Avoid Arrest Or To Escape.
- F 723.2 Inst 5 Special Circumstances: Avoidance-Of-Arrest
- F 723 NOTES
- F 723 Note 1 Murder During Escape Does Not Require That Defendant Was Booked
- F 724 Special Circumstances: Murder Of Peace Officer, Federal Officer, Or Firefighter, PC 190.2(a)(7), (8) & (9)
- F 724.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 724.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Murder Of Peace Officer, Federal Officer, Or Firefighter—Title
- F 724.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
- F 724.2 Instructions
- F 724.2 Inst 1 Murder of Peace Officer, Etc.: Reasonable Person Standard As Essential Part Of Element
- F 724.2 Inst 2 Murder of Peace Officer, Etc.: Concurrence Of The Murder And Intent To Kill
- F 724.2 Inst 3 Murder of Peace Officer, Etc.: Separate Enumeration Of Discrete Elements
- F 724.2 Inst 4 Murder of Peace Officer, Etc.: Intent Requirement
- F 724.2 Inst 5 Murder of Peace Officer, Etc.: Lawful Performance Of Duties—Modification Of Burden Shifting Language
- F 724.2 Inst 6 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
- F 724.2 Inst 7 Killing Peace Officer In Retaliation For Performance Of Duties: Subjective Standard (PC 190.2(a)(7); PC 190.2(a)(8))
- F 724.2 Inst 8 Peace Officer Special Circumstance: Proper Warrant Service As Factual Issue (PC 190.2(a)(7))
- F 724 NOTES
- F 724 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Murder of Peace Officer, Federal Officer, or Firefighter—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
- F 724 Note 2 Peace Officer Special Requires Actual Knowledge
- F 724 Note 3 Peace Officer Victim: “Performance Of Duties Defined” (PC 190.2(a)(7)/PC 190.2(a)(8)/PC 190.1(a)(9))—Lawful Detention Defined
- F 724 Note 4 Federal Officer Special Requires Actual Knowledge
- F 724 Note 5 Killing A Peace Officer: (PC 190.2 (a)(7) Is Included In Killing To Avoid Arrest (PC 190.2 (a)(5))
- F 725 Special Circumstances: Murder of Witness, PC 190.2(a)(10)
- F 725.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 725.2 Instructions
- F 725.2 Inst 1 Murder of Witness: Concurrence Of Killing And Intent To Kill
- F 725.2 Inst 2 Murder of Witness: Defendant Must Believe Victim Was A Witness
- F 725.2 Inst 3 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
- F 725 NOTES
- F 725 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Murder of Witness—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
- F 725 Note 2 Witness Murder Special: Definition Of “Juvenile Proceeding” (PC 190.2(a)(10))
- F 725 Note 3 Witness Murder Special: Prevention of Testimony Need Not Be Predominant Purpose Of The Murder
- F 725 Note 4 Witness Murder Special: No Requirement That Victim Be An Eyewitness To A Prior Crime
- F 725 Note 5 Witness Murder Special: Content Of Testimony Irrelevant
- F 725 Note 6 2004 Enlargement Of Witness-Murder Statute Should Not Apply To Pre-Enlargement Cases
- F 725 Note 7 Witness Murder Special: (“Yoshiato Window” (Prop 115)) (PC 190.2(a)(10))
- F 726 Special Circumstances: Murder of Judge, Prosecutor, Government Official, or Juror, PC 190.2(a)(11), (12), (13) & (20)
- F 726.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 726.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Murder of Judge, Prosecutor, Government Official, or Juror—Title
- F 726.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
- F 726.2 Instructions
- F 726.2 Inst 1 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
- F 726 NOTES
- F 726 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Murder of Judge, Prosecutor, Government Official, or Juror—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
- F 726 Note 2 Prostitution Is Crime Of Moral Turpitude
- F 727 Special Circumstances: Lying in Wait—Before March 8, 2000, PC 190.2(a)(15) (Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
- F 727.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 727.2 Instructions
- F 727.2 Inst 1 Lying In Wait: Modification Of Burden Shifting Language
- F 727.2 Inst 2 Lying In Wait: Enumeration Of Elements
- F 727.2 Inst 3 Lying In Wait: Detectable Interval Pinpoint Instruction
- F 727.2 Inst 4 Lying In Wait: Deletion Of Duplicative And Argumentative Passages
- F 727.2 Inst 5 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
- F 727 NOTES
- F 727 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Lying in Wait—Before March 8, 2000—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
- F 727 Note 2 Lying In Wait Special: Constitutional Challenge
- F 727 Note 3 Lying In wait: Additional Consideration Of Domino’s Rationale May Be Warranted
- F 728 Special Circumstances: Lying in Wait—After March 7, 2000, PC 190.2(a)(15)
- F 728.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 728.2 Instructions
- F 728.2 Inst 1 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
- F 729 Special Circumstances: Murder Because of Race, Religion, or Nationality, PC 190.2(a)(16) (Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
- F 729.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 729.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Murder Because of Race, Religion, or Nationality—Title
- F 729.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
- F 729.2 Instructions
- F 729.2 Inst 1 Hate Special Circumstance: Defendant Must Act With Animosity Or Bias Toward A Protected Class
- F 730 Special Circumstances: Murder in Commission of Felony, PC 190.2(a)(17)
- F 730.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 730.2 Instructions
- F 730.2 Inst 1 Whether Defendant Personally Committed The Felony: Modification Of Burden Shifting Language
- F 730.2 Inst 2 Special Circumstances: Felony Murder—Jurors Not Required To Decide Special Circumstance
- F 730.2 Inst 3 Special Circumstances: Felony Murder—Independent Purpose; Modification Of Burden Shifting Language
- F 730.2 Inst 4 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
- F 730.2 Inst 5 Felony Murder Special Circumstances Application Of Merger (Ireland) Doctrine (PC 190.2(a)(17))
- F 730.2 Inst 6 Felony Murder Special Circumstance: “Still-In-Progress” Instruction Inapplicable To Crimes Other Than Robbery (PC 190.2(a)(17))
- F 730.2 Inst 7 (a & b) Felony Murder Special Circumstance: Green Pinpoint Instruction
- F 730.2 Inst 8 Accident Should Be Defense To Felony Murder Special Circumstance
- F 730.2 Inst 9 Felony Murder Special: Specification Of Reckless Indifference, Major Participant And Actual Killer Elements
- F 730.2 Inst 10 “Engaged In” vs. “Committed”
- F 730 NOTES
- F 730 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Murder in Commission of Felony—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
- F 730 Note 2 Felony Murder Special: Green Applies To Arson (PC 190.2(a)(17))
- F 730 Note 3 Felony Murder Special: Whether Green Instruction Must Be Given Sua Sponte (PC 190.2(a)(17))
- F 730 Note 4 Felony Murder Special: Sua Sponte Duty To Instruct Upon Defenses, Etc. When Underlying Felony Is Not Substantively Charged (PC 190.2(a)(17))
- F 730 Note 5 Felony Murder Special: Intent To Kill For Aider And Abettor (PC 190.2(a)(17))
- F 730 Note 6 Felony Murder Special: When Intent To Kill Required Per Carlos (PC 190.2(a)(17))
- F 730 Note 7 Felony Murder Special: “Yoshiato Window” (PC 190.2(a)(17))
- F 730 Note 8 Felony Murder Special: All Felony Murders Subject To Special Circumstance Liability (PC 190.2(a)(17))
- F 730 Note 9 Overbreadth Constitutional Challenge To Felony Murder Special Circumstance (PC 190.2(a)(17))
- F 730 Note 10 Felony Murder Special: No Lesser Instruction Required For Felony Which Is Basis For Special Circumstance Allegation But Is Not Separately Charged (PC 190.2(a)(17))
- F 730 Note 11 Duplication Of Elements In Felony Murder Special Circumstance As 8th Amendment Violation (PC 190.2(a)(17))
- F 730 Note 12 Collateral Estoppel Precludes Re-Litigation Of Underlying Felony And Felony Murder Convictions (PC 190.2(a)(17))
- F 730 Note 13 Felony Murder Special: Specific Intent To Commit Underlying Offense Not Required
- F 730 Note 14 Felony Murder Special Circumstance: Robbery Or Burglary Need Not Be The Primary Intent
- F 730 Note 15 Felony Murder Special: “Merely Incidental” Not Ambiguous (PC 190.2(a)(17))
- F 730 Revision History and Commentary
- F 731 Special Circumstances: Murder in Commission of Felony—Kidnapping With Intent to Kill, PC 190.2(a)(17) (After March 8, 2000)
- F 731.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 731.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Murder in Commission of Felony—Kidnapping With Intent to Kill—Title
- F 731.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
- F 731.2 Instructions
- F 731.2 Inst 1 “Engaged” As Insufficiently Precise
- F 731.2 Inst 2 Modification Of Burden Shifting Language
- F 731.2 Inst 3 Felony Murder Special Circumstance: Specification Of Person Killed
- F 731.2 Inst 4 Deletion Of Duplicative And Argumentative Language
- F 731.2 Inst 5 Felony Murder Special Circumstance: Concurrence Of Act And Intent To Kill
- F 731.2 Inst 6 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
- F 732 Special Circumstances: Murder in Commission of Felony—Arson With Intent to Kill, PC 190.2(a)(17)
- F 732.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 732.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Murder in Commission of Felony—Arson With Intent to Kill—Title
- F 732.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
- F 732.2 Instructions
- F 732.2 Inst 1 Natural And Probably: Constructive Knowledge Governed By Reasonable Person Standard
- F 732.2 Inst 2 Juror Consideration Of Circumstances Should Not Be Limited To Those “Established By The Evidence”
- F 732.2 Inst 3 Special Circumstance: Arson Felony Murder—Modification Of Burden Shifting Language
- F 732.2 Inst 4 Arson Felony Murder: Specification Of Person Killed
- F 732.2 Inst 5 Arson Felony Murder: Concurrence Of Act And Intent To Kill
- F 732.2 Inst 6 Deletion Of Duplicative And Argumentative Language
- F 732.2 Inst 7 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
- F 733 Special Circumstances: Murder With Torture, PC 190.2(a)(18)
- F 733.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 733.2 Instructions
- F 733.2 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Torture—Acts Must Be Inflicted While Victim Was Alive
- F 733.2 Inst 2 Special Circumstances: Torture—Concurrence Of Killing And Intent To Kill
- F 733.2 Inst 3 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
- F 733 NOTES
- F 733 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Murder With Torture—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
- F 733 Note 2 Torture Special: Proposition 115 Due Process/Ex Post Facto Issues: “Yoshiato Window” (PC 190.2(a)(18))
- F 733 Note 3 No Causation Element For Torture-Murder Special Circumstance
- F 733 Note 4 Torture Special: “Sadistic Purpose” As Unconstitutionally Vague (PC 190.2(a)(18))
- F 734 Special Circumstances: Murder by Poison, PC 190.2(a)(19)
- F 734.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 734.2 Instructions
- F 734.2 Inst 1 Murder By Poison: Concurrence Of Intent To Kill And Administration Of Poison
- F 734.2 Inst 2 Murder By Poison: Concurrence Of Killing And Intent To Kill
- F 734.2 Inst 3 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
- F 735 Special Circumstances: Discharge From Vehicle, PC 190.2(a)(21)
- F 735.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 735.2 Instructions
- F 735.2 Inst 1 Special Circumstance: Discharge From Vehicle—Enumeration Of Elements; Specification Of Alleged Victim
- F 735.2 Inst 2 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
- F 735 NOTES
- F 735 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Discharge From Vehicle—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
- F 735 Note 2 Drive-By Murder Special Circumstance: Constitutional Challenge
- F 736 Special Circumstances: Killing by Street Gang Member, PC 190.2(a)(22) (Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
- F 736.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 736.2 Instructions
- F 736.2 Inst 1 Gang Killing Special Circumstance: Specification Of Person Defendant Intended To Kill
- F 736.2 Inst 2 Gang Killing Special Circumstance: Deletion Of Argumentative And Duplicative Language
- F 736.2 Inst 3 Concurrence Of Act And Mental State (Knowledge)
- F 736.2 Inst 4 Modification Of Language For Clarity And Precision
- F 736.2 Inst 5 Gang Killing Special Circumstance: Concurrence Of Killing And Intent To Kill
- F 736.2 Inst 6 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
- F 736.2 Inst 7 Defendant Must Intend To Kill The Decedent; Defendant Must Be Actual Killer
- F 736 NOTES
- F 736 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Killing by Street Gang Member—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
- F 736 Note 2 Gang Killing Special Circumstance: Applicability Of Transferred Intent
- F 736 Note 3 Predicate Offense Not Satisfied By A Crime Occurring After The Charged Offense
- F 736 Revision History and Commentary
- F 737 Special Circumstances: Murder of Transportation Worker, PC 190.25
- F 737.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 737.2 Instructions
- F 737.2 Inst 1 “Reasonably Should Have Known”
- F 737.2 Inst 2 Gang Killing Special Circumstance: Concurrence Of Killing And Intent To Kill
- F 737.2 Inst 3 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
- F 738B 749 Reserved (III) Special Circumstances With Prior Murder (750-751)
- F 750 Special Circumstances: Prior Murder Conviction, PC 190.2(a)(2)—Trial on Prior Murder, PC 190.1(a) & (b)
- F 750.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 750.2 Instructions
- F 750 NOTES
- F 750 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Prior Murder Conviction—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
- F 750 Note 2 Murder With Prior Conviction Of Murder (PC 190.1(b)/PC 190.2(a)(2)/PC 190.2(b)): Intent To Kill Is Required Element Of Prior Murder For Accomplices (PC 190.2(b))
- F 750 Note 3 Murder With Prior Conviction Of Murder (PC 190.1(b)/PC 190.2(a)(2)/PC 190.2(b)): No Intent to Kill Required For Prior Murder Special As To Actual Killer (PC 190.2(a))
- F 750 Note 4 Murder With Prior Conviction Of Murder: Inapplicable To Conviction From Another Jurisdiction Which Could Not Have Been Tried As Murder In California
- F 751 Second Degree Murder With Prior Prison for Murder, PC 190.05
- F 751.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 751.2 Instructions
- F 752B 759 Reserved
- L. Death Penalty (760-766)
- F 760 homicide: death penalty—Introduction to Penalty Phase
- F 760.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 760.2 Death Penalty: Introduction To Penalty Phase—Instructions
- F 760.2 Inst 1 Telling The Jurors That They “Must Decide Which Penalty The Defendant Will Receive” Is Misleading And Coercive
- F 760 NOTES
- F 760 Note 1 Death Penalty: Introduction To Penalty Phase—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
- F 760 Note 2 Meaning Of Life Without Parole: Legal Principles
- F 760 Note 3 Factual Principles: LWOP
- F 760 Note 4 Meaning Of LWOP: Strategy And Tactics
- F 760 Note 5 Death Penalty: Duty Of Jurors To Find Preliminary Facts
- F 761 Death Penalty: Duty Of Jury
- F 761.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 761.2 Instructions
- F 761.2 Inst 1 Modification For Clarity And Precision
- F 761.2 Inst 2 Instruction Not To Consider “Deterrent Effect”
- F 761.2 Inst 3 Instruction Not To Consider “Cost Savings Effect”
- F 761.2 Inst 4 Jurors Not To Consider Defendant’s Sexual Preferences
- F 761.2 Inst 5 No Consideration Of Intercase Proportionality
- F 761.2 Inst 6 Intracase Proportionality
- F 761.2 Inst 7 Effect Of Reversal
- F 761.2 Inst 8 No Undue Influence From Repetition Instruction: Supplemental Instructions
- F 761.2 Inst 9 Definitions Of Words And Phrases
- F 761.2 Inst 10 Whether Jurors Are Fact Finders At The Penalty Phase
- F 761.2 Inst 11 Jurors Not Required To Make A Penalty Decision
- F 761.2 Inst 12 Strategies For Dealing With Instruction Allowing Jurors To Reject Counsel Arguments That Conflict With The Instructions
- F 761.2 Inst 13 No Adverse Inference As To Penalty From Failure Of Defendant To Testify At Guilt Or Penalty Trial
- F 761.2 Inst 14 Jury May Only Consider Testifying Defendant’s Demeanor, Conduct Or Appearance While He/She Is Testifying And Only As To Matters At Issue
- F 761 NOTES
- F 761 Note 1 Death Penalty: Duty Of Jury—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
- F 761 Note 2 Instruction On Reasonable Doubt: Bifurcated Trial (CC 221)
- F 761 Note 3 Instruction On Evidence (CC 222)
- F 761 Note 4 Instruction On Circumstantial Evidence
- F 761 Note 5 Instruction On Witnesses (CC 226)
- F 761 Note 6 Jury Not To Consider Defendant’s Failure To Testify At Penalty Trial
- F 761 Note 7 Death Penalty: Duty Of Jury—Expert Witnesses
- F 761 Note 8 Jurors Must Be Properly Instructed On Evidentiary Matters At The Penalty Phase
- F 762 [Reserved]
- F 763 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Not Identified As Aggravating Or Mitigating (Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
- F 763.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 763.1 Inst 1 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Not Identified As Aggravating Or Mitigating—Title
- F 763.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
- F 763.2 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—General Issues And Instructions
- F 763.2 Inst 1 Definition Of Aggravating And Mitigating Factors
- F 763.2 Inst 2 Jurors Not Required To Make A Penalty Decision
- F 763.2 Inst 3 Deletion Of Inapplicable Factors
- F 763.2 Inst 4 Mitigating Factor Not Shown To Exist By The Evidence Not An Aggravating Factor
- F 763.2 Inst 5 Mitigating Factors Argued By Counsel Have Same Stature As Those Specifically Listed In Instructions
- F 763.2 Inst 6 Existence Of Mitigating Factor May Be Based On Any Evidence No Matter How Weak
- F 763.2 Inst 7 Jurors Not To Consider District Attorney’s Choice To Seek Death Penalty
- F 763.2 Inst 8 Jurors May Reject Death Based On Any Mitigating Evidence Or Aspect Of The Case That Arouses Compassion For The Defendant
- F 763.2 Inst 9 Specification Of Which Factors Are Aggravating And Mitigating
- F 763.2 Inst 10 Jurors Must Not Be Permitted To “Double-Count” Non-Murder Crimes In The Current Proceedings
- F 763.3 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Factor a: Circumstances of the Offense
- F 763.3 (Factor a) Notes
- F 763.4 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Factor b: Prior Criminal Conduct
- F 763.5 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Factor c: Prior Felony Convictions
- F 763.6 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Factor d: Extreme Mental Or Emotional Disturbance
- F 763.7 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Factor e: Inst 1 Victim Participation
- F 763.7 (Factor e) Inst 1 Victim Participation: Rarely Used
- F 763.8 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Factor f: Belief In Moral Justification
- F 763.9 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Extreme Duress; Substantial Domination By Another
- F 763.10 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Factor h: Diminished Capacity
- F 763.10 (Factor h) NOTES
- F 763.11 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Factor j: Minor Participation By Accomplice
- F 763.12 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Factor k: “Catchall”
- F 763.12 (Factor k) Notes
- F 763.13 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Remorse
- F 763.13 Inst 1 (a & b) Remorse Is Mitigation; Lack Of Remorse Is Not Aggravation
- F 763.13 Inst 2 Jury May Not Consider Non-Testifying Defendant’s Courtroom Appearance, Conduct Or Demeanor To Find Lack Of Remorse In Capital Trial
- F 763.13 Inst 3 Defendant’s Failure To Confess Or Denial Of Guilt Is Not Lack Of Remorse Or Aggravation
- F 763.13 Death Penalty: Factors—Notes
- F 763.13 Note 1 Remorse May Be Considered Under Factor K
- F 763.13 Note 2 Whether Fifth Amendment Precludes Finding Lack Of Remorse Based On Defendant’s Failure To Testify
- F 763 Revision History and Commentary
- F 764 Death Penalty: Evidence Of Other Violent Crimes
- F 764.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 764.2 INSTRUCTIONS
- F 764.2 Inst 1 (a & b) Jury Must Determine Whether Unadjudicated Acts Were “Violent” And “Criminal”
- F 764.2 Inst 2 Death Penalty: Jury May Not Consider Non-Violent Acts Or Juvenile Adjudications
- F 764.2 Inst 3 When Uncharged-Act-Instruction (e.g., CALCRIM 375) Given At The Guilt Phase Of Capital Trial
- F 764.2 Inst 4 (a-c) Evidence Presented For A Limited Purpose
- F 764.2 Inst 5 Unadjudicated Violent Crimes: Continuous Course Of Criminal Activity /Conspiracy
- F 764.2 Inst 6 Defense Theory That Prior Criminal Activity Or Convictions Are Mitigating
- F 764.2 Inst 7 Clarification Of Difference Between Factor(b) And Factor(c)
- F 764.2 Inst 8 Limiting Instruction: Unadjudicated “Other Crimes” Evidence Offered For Reasons Other Then Aggravation Under PC 190.3(b)
- F 764.2 Inst 9 Other Criminal Activity Not To Be Considered Under Factor (a)
- F 764.2 Inst 10 Instruction Should Refer To “Felony” Offenses Not Merely “Crimes”
- F 764 NOTES
- F 764 Note 1 Legal Rules
- F 764 Note 2 Factor b: Requirements
- F 764 Note 3 Applicability Of Accomplice Instructions To Penalty Phase
- F 764 Note 4 Accomplice Testimony Regarding Factor (b) Evidence
- F 764 Note 5 Prior Violent Criminal Activity (PC 190.3(b)):Consideration Of Greater Uncharged Offense
- F 764 Note 6 Unadjudicated Violent Crimes: Applicability To Arson
- F 764 Note 7 Unadjudicated Violent Crimes: Prosecution May Obtain Instruction On Each Crime
- F 764 Note 8 Unadjudicated Violent Crimes: Accomplice Testimony Must be Corroborated
- F 764 Note 9 Unadjudicated Violent Crimes: Objection To Instruction On Elements As Prosecution Pinpoint Instruction
- F 764 Note 10 Prior Felony Convictions: Instructions Given Must Be Correct
- F 764 Note 11 Unanimity As To Factor b Crimes
- F 764 Note 12 Modification Of Guilt Phase Instructions
- F 764 Note 13 Factor (b) Instructions Should Reflect Wording At The Time Of The Act
- F 764 Note 14 Absence Of Factor b Evidence As Mitigation
- F 764 Note 15 Whether A Crime Involves Force Or Violence Under Factor b Depends On The Circumstances Of Its Commission
- F 765 (Factor c) Death Penalty: Conviction for Other Felony Crimes
- F 765.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 765.2 Prior Felony Convictions: Instructions And Notes
- F 765.2 Inst 1 Absence Of Prior Felony Conviction As Mitigation (PC 190.3(c))
- F 765.2 Inst 2 Duty To Instruct That Facts Underlying Prior Conviction Under Factor C Must Be Proved Beyond A Reasonable Doubt
- F 765.3 Death Penalty: Conviction For Other Felony Crimes—Burden Of Proof Issues
- F 765 Notes
- F 765 Note 1 Death Penalty: Conviction For Other Felony Crimes—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
- F 765 Note 2 Prior Felony Convictions: Instructions Given Must Be Correct
- F 765 Note 3 Defense Theory That Prior Criminal Activity Or Convictions Are Mitigating
- F 765 Note 4 Reasonable Doubt Instruction Required For “Factor c” Felony Convictions
- F 766 Death Penalty: Weighing Process (Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
- F 766.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
- F 766.2 INSTRUCTIONS
- F 766.2 Inst 1 (a & b) Jurors Not Required To Decide Penalty
- F 766.2 Inst 2 (a & b) Eyewitness Identification: Death Penalty Should Not Be Imposed Where Guilt Is Based Solely On Testimony Of A Single Eyewitness
- F 766.2 Inst 3 Law Gives No Preference As To Appropriate Penalty
- F 766.2 Inst 4 Life Verdict Permissible Even If Aggravating Factor Found
- F 766.2 Inst 5 Death Not Required Even If All Jurors Find That Aggravation Warrants Death
- F 766.2 Inst 6 Consequences Of Failure To Agree At Penalty: Jury Should Be Informed That Guilt And Special Circumstance Verdicts Will Not Be Affected
- F 766.3 Death Penalty: Weighing Process—Meaning Of Life Without Parole
- F 766 NOTES
- F 766 Note 1 Juries Should Assume That Death Sentence Will Be Carried Out
- F 767 Response To Juror Inquiry About Commutation Of Sentence In Death Penalty Case
- F 767 Inst 1 The Supreme Court’s Instructional Language Should Take Precedence Over The CALCRIM Committee’s Language
- F 767 NOTES
- F 768 – 774 Reserved
- F 775 Death Penalty: Mental Retardation [No Forecite Entries On This Instruction]
- F 775 NoTES
- F 776B 799 Reserved