III
THE PROPER PROCEDURE FOR JUDICIAL CONSIDERATION
A. The Judicial Function.
An excellent article on this subject written by Justice Joseph R. Grodin appeared in the May 1989 issue of California Lawyer at pages 61-72. The article, entitled “Do Judges Make Law” was inserted in the magazine as a “Special Book Excerpt.” The piece was taken from Justice Grodin’s then about to be published book In Pursuit of Justice: Reflections of a State Supreme Court Justice (University of California Press-1989). The following quote is from this article:
“When the Legislature adopts a valid rule, the courts are obliged to apply it; this is a corollary of our system of representative democracy…. Because of the hierarchical relationship between a Legislature and a court in matters of law making, judges feel obliged to follow the directions of the Legislature insofar as they can ascertain them.” (Page 66)
B. Judicial Notice at the Trial Court Level.
Judicial notice is the proper mechanism to bring to the court’s attention materials documenting the legislative history of an enactment. (Evidence Code Section 452) The court’s authority to exercise its discretion to judicially notice such materials under Evidence Code Section 452 is extremely broad. (Evidence Code Section 454) If the procedure of Evidence Code Section 452 is utilized, judicial notice is mandatory. (Evidence Code Section 453)
“Defendant filed a request of judicial notice of legislative history for Penal Code Section 215…. ‘The request for judicial notice is granted.'” People v. Medina (1995, 5th Dist) 39 Cal.App.4th 643, 647
“Pursuant to Evidence Code Section 452, defendant requests that this court take judicial notice of the fact that there is a chemical difference between cocaine base and cocaine hydrochloride. He also requests this court to take judicial notice of Senate Bill No. 943, chapter 1174, and its legislative history. The Attorney General does not oppose these requests and they are granted.” People v. Adams (1990, 5th Dist) 220 Cal.App.3d 680, 686
“We have complied with Evidence Code Section 455, Subdivision (b) in order to take notice of the Legislative Counsel’s communication. Such documents may be used to determine legislative intent.” People v. Rodriguez (1984, 5th Dist) 160 Cal.App.3d 207, 214
“We have before us the materials judicially noticed below. Primarily, they consist of two (2) major legislative committee reports on geothermal resources, the ‘final (legislative) history’ of the act, excerpts from testimony given at public legislative hearings, and some correspondence directed to the governor’s office recommending his signature on Senate Bill 169 (the Act) from the legislative analyst, a state agency, and an individual legislator. Judicial notice was properly taken of these materials since they are in the categories of ‘(c) official acts of the legislative, executive, judicial departments of the United States and of any state of the United States.'” Post v. Prati (1979) 90 Cal.App.3d 626, 634
Pearson v. State Social Welfare Board (1960) 54 Cal.2d 184, 210; State Compensation Insurance Fund v. W.C.A.B. (1985) 40 Cal.3d 5; People v. Superior Court (Romero) (1996) 13 Cal.4th 497, 504, fn.1
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People v. Sterling Refining Co. (1927) 86 Cal.App. 558, 564; ABC Acceptance v. Delby (1957) 150 Cal.App.2d Supp. 826, 828; People v. Long (1970) 7 Cal.App.3d 586; Marocco v. Ford Motor Co. (1970) 7 Cal.App.3d 84, 88; McGlothlen v. DMV (1977) 71 Cal.App.3d 1005, 1015; Southland Mechanical Constructors v. Nixen (1981, 4th Dist, Div 2) 119 Cal.App.3d 417, 428
C. Judicial Notice at the Appellate Court Level.
The appellate court has the same right and power to take judicial notice as that which is vested in the trial court. (Evidence Code Section 459)
“We grant defendant’s request to take judicial notice of legislative history materials concerning section 12022.5(d) and related provisions. (Evid. Code §452, subd. (c))” People v. Ledesma (1997) 16 Cal.4th 90, 98, fn. 4
“Nor are we aware of any other conclusive evidence that the Legislature intended to bar appellate review of the due process claim raised in this case. In this regard we have consulted the ‘Legislative Intent Service’ history of Section 170.3.” People v. Brown (1993) 6 Cal.4th 322, 334
“The interpretation of a statute, however, is a question of law; and we are not bound by evidence presented on the question in the trial court. [citations] The propriety of the use of extrinsic materials in determining legislative intent is a question which may be properly considered on appeal regardless of whether the issue was raised in the trial court.” California Teachers Assn. v. San Diego Community College District (1981) 28 Cal.3d 692, 698, 699
“Respondents filed a motion asking this court to take judicial notice of the legislative history of this bill, as provided by a report of the Legislative Intent Service that is attached as exhibit 1 to the motion. The motion was heard and granted at the hearing on oral argument.” Azusa Land Reclamation Co. v. Main San Gabriel Basin Watermaster (1997, 2nd Dist, Div 7) 52 Cal.App.4th 1165, 1203, fn. 6
“While this appeal was pending, CAIC requested that this court take judicial notice of the legislative intent service history of the 1988 and 1991 amendments to section 473. We decided to consider that request when we considered the merits of this appeal. We now decide to grant that request.” Lorenz v. Commercial Acceptance Insurance Co. (1995, 6th Dist) 40 Cal.App.4th 981, 988
“In a search to discern legislative intent, an appellate court is entitled to take judicial notice of the various legislative materials, including committee reports, underlying the enactment of a statute.” Schmidt v. So. California Rapid Transit District (1993, 2nd Dist, Div 2) 14 Cal.App.4th 23, 30, fn. 10
“The court also rejected as untimely San Marino’s offer of the legislative history of section 99, as compiled by the private legislative intent service. We have taken judicial notice of that material.” Greenwood Addition Homeowners Assn. v. City of San Marino (1993, 2nd Dist, Div 2) 14 Cal.App.4th 1360, 1366, fn. 5
“On our own motion, we take judicial notice of various legislative documents dealing with section 1298 furnished by the Legislative Intent Service.” Grubb & Ellis Co. v. Bello (1993, 2nd Dist, Div 4) 19 Cal.App.4th 231, 240
“On our own motion and over the objection of Kern we take judicial notice of the legislative committee reports dealing with Assembly Bill No. 3382.” Kern v. County of Imperial (1990, 4th Dist, Div 1) 226 Cal.App.3d 391, 400, fn. 8
People v. Cruz (1996, 1st Dist) 13 Cal.4th 764, 780, fn. 9; Ventura County Deputy Sheriffs’ Assn. v. Board of Retirement (1997) 16 Cal.4th 483, 502, fn. 22; Stop Youth Addiction, Inc. v. Lucky Stores, Inc. (1998) 17 Cal.4th 553, 571, 577, fn. 9, fn. 13; People v. Benson (1998) 18 Cal.4th 24, 34, fn. 6; Estate of Joseph (1998) 17 Cal.4th 203, 210, fn. 1; County of Santa Clara v. Perry (1998) 18 Cal.4th 435, 444, fn. 4; Planning & Conservation League v. Department of Water Resources (1998) 17 Cal.4th 265, 271, fn. 4; Kobzoff v. Los Angeles County Harbor/UCLA Medical Center (1998) 19 Cal.4th 851, 862, fn. 7
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Fogolson v. Municipal Court (1981) 120 Cal.App.3d 858, 861; In re Marriage of Siller (1986) 187 Cal.App.3d 36, 46, fn. 6; Woodman v. Superior Court (1987) 196 Cal.App.3d 407; Terry York Imports v. DMV (1987, 2nd Dist, Div 1) 197 Cal.App.3d 307, 317, fn. 2; Fortman v. Hemco, Inc. (1989) 211 Cal.App.3d 241, 262; Coopers and Lybrand v. Superior Court (1989) 212 Cal.App.3d 524, 535; People v. Isaia (1989) 206 Cal.App.3d 1558, 1564, fn. 2; Carlton Browne and Company v. Superior Court (1989, 2nd Dist) 210 Cal.App.3d 35, 41, fn. 3; E. Peninsula Ed. Council v. Palos Verdes School District (1989, 2nd Dist) 210 Cal.App.3d 155, 168; Shapell Industries v. Governing Board (1991, 6th Dist) 1 Cal.App.4th 218, 241; Johnson v. Superior Court (1994, 2nd Dist, Div 5) 25 Cal.App.4th 1564, 1569, fn. 2; Society of California Pioneers v. Baker (1996, 1st Dist, Div 1) 43 Cal.App.4th 774, 784; Sounhein v. City of San Dimas (1996, 2nd Dist, Div 5) 47 Cal.App.4th 1181, 1190, fn. 6; Steiner v. Superior Court (1996, 4th Dist, Div 3) 50 Cal.App.4th 1771, 1786, fn. 22; People v. Griggs (1997, 5th Dist) 59 Cal.App.4th 557, 561, fn. 4; McDowell v. Watson (1997, 4th Dist, Div 2) 59 Cal.App.4th 1155, 1161, fn. 3; Forty-Niner Truck Plaza, Inc. v. Union Oil Co. (1997, 3rd Dist) 58 Cal.App.4th 1261, 1274, fn. 3, 1277, fn. 7; Covarrubias v. Superior Court (1998, 6th Dist) 60 Cal.App.4th 1168, 1181, fn. 9; In re Parker (1998, 4th Dist, Div 1) 60 Cal.App.4th 1453, 1465, fn. 11; People v. Ward (1998, 4th Dist, Div 2) 62 Cal.App.4th 122, 128, fn. 2; In re Marriage of Perry (1998, 3rd Dist) 61 Cal.App.4th 295, 308, fn. 3; People v. Garcia (1998, 1st Dist, Div 1) 63 Cal.App.4th 820, 831, fn. 10, fn. 12; Kidd v. State of California (1998, 3rd Dist) 62 Cal.App.4th 386, 407, 411, fn. 7, fn. 9
D. Use of Legislative Materials Without Requirement of Judicial Notice.
Legislative history materials were simply appended to a brief, and accepted as the court found sufficient notice and opportunity to oppose the use of the document that had been given.
“At oral argument, counsel for the Chronicle said he had never before seen this legislative report. We note, however, that More cited the report in its brief in this case, and that a copy of the report was attached as an exhibit to More’s opening brief in the prior case. In an abundance of caution, we allowed both parties to submit additional briefing to discuss the report. We have reviewed that briefing and incorporate our response in the text of the opinion.” Lafayette Morehouse, Inc. v. Chronicle Publishing Co. (1995, 1st Dist, Div 5) 39 Cal.App.4th 1379, 1383, fn. 4
One recent Supreme Court case indicated that judicial notice was not required for “readily available published materials.” The court stated:
“CCC further requests we judicially notice: (1) a 1995 background study of the UCL commissioned by the California Law Revision Commission; (2) section 874A, comment (h) of the
Restatement Second of Torts; and (3) a 1996 report of the Commerce Committee of the United States Senate concerning the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. Although simple citations to such readily available published materials would have sufficed, to the extent they contain relevant materials we grant these portions of CCC’s request. (Evid. Code, § 452, subd. (c)[‘[o]fficial acts’];…” Stop Youth Addiction, Inc. v. Lucky Stores, Inc. (1998) 17 Cal.4th 553, 577, fn. 13; see also Quelimane Company, Inc. v. Stewart Title Guaranty Co. (1998) 19 Cal.4th 26, 46, fn. 9 and People v. Erickson (1997, 5th Dist) 57 Cal.App.4th 1391, 1402, fn. 6
E. Expert Testimony.
Expert testimony is becoming increasingly common as a means of assisting trial courts in understanding and interpreting legislative materials. This trend has been evidenced by appellate court citation of Legislative Intent Service experts in the following decisions:
“Finally, as it did in the trial court, FSD relies upon expert evidence of the act’s legislative history. Such evidence is an appropriate means of assisting courts in understanding and interpreting statutes…. Like FSD’s expert, we agree that in light of both the history of the act and its express provisions, commissioners have no power to initiate changes in organization or reorganization.” Fallbrook Sanitation District v. LAFCO (1989) 208 Cal.App.3d 753, 764
“We set forth in the margin the statutory history of these sections. It fully supports the testimony of William Keller, a qualified expert analyst of legislative intent, that the Legislature intended to broaden the power of the Assessor when it enacted section 441, subdivision (d). Keller testified that ….” Roberts v. Gulf Oil Corp. (1983) 147 Cal.App.3d 770, 782
Judd v. United States (1987) 650 Fed. Supp. 1503, 1511; Jimenez v. W.C.A.B. (1991, 1st Dist, Div 5) 1 Cal.App.4th 61, 67, fn. 3; Segura v. McBride (1992, 1st Dist, Div 4) 5 Cal.App.4th 1028, 1033
In addition, numerous appellate opinions have incorporated Legislative Intent Service expert opinions sometimes verbatim, but without attribution. See
for example Graham v. W.C.A.B. (1989) 210 Cal.App.3d 499
For more information, call William Keller at (916) 449-3949 and ask for his Expert Testimony Points and Authorities.
F. Citation and Attribution.
The California Style Manual (3d Ed. 1986) Sections 54-63 provides guidance as to the types of documents referred to by the author. However, it does not cover all the types of legislative documents available nor is it uniformly followed. A common form of reference to legislative materials is to use the full names of the documents as they are set forth on your Legislative Intent Service exhibit list contained in the Declaration accompanying the research material.
Attribution to the Legislative Intent Service by name as the source of the materials to be judicially noticed is becoming more common and may assist in authentication. See, for instance, People v. Brown (1993) 6 Cal.4th 322, 334. A current list of cases where we are cited is enclosed with your documentation.
G. Legislative Intent Service Fees as Costs.
“Not only was it necessary to furnish the legislative materials to the trial court, but the evidence was uncontroverted that those materials were not readily available to FHP except through LIS or a similar service. It was not an abuse of discretion to allow recovery of costs of materials necessary to the litigation which were readily available only through the source utilized.” Van De Kamp v. Gumbiner (1990, 2nd Dist, Div 5) 221 Cal.App.3d 1260, 1280
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
CASES
1111 Prospect Partners, L.P. v. Superior Court (1995, 4th Dist, Div 1) 38 Cal.App.4th 570, 578, fn. 7 (Review Granted 4, 15, 33
ABC Acceptance v. Delby (1957) 150 Cal.App.2d Supp. 826, 828………………………………………………………….. 23, 35
Adamson v. Zipp (1984) 163 Cal.App.3d Supp. 1, 14, fn. 17………………………………………………………………………… 23
Adoption of Haley A. (1996, 1st Dist, Div 2) 49 Cal.App.4th
1351, 1367, fn. 10………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10, 15, 31
Adoption of Kelsey S. (1992) 1 Cal.4th 816, 826……………………………………………………………………………………………. 3
Aguimatang v. California State Lottery (1991, 3rd Dist) 234 Cal.App.3d
769, 788………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15, 20, 30
Alameda v. Kuchel (1948) 32 Cal.2d 193, 199…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3
Alexander, D. v. State Board of Dental Examiners (1991, 1st Dist, Div 1)
231 Cal.App.3d 92, 97………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 21, 24
Alford v. Pierno (1972) 27 Cal.App.3d 682, 688……………………………………………………………………………………………. 10
Almar Limited v. County of Ventura (1997, 2nd Dist, Div 6) 56 Cal.App.4th
105, 109…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 17
Al-Sal Oil Co. v. State Board of Equalization (1991, 3rd Dist) 232 Cal.App.3d
969, 978…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 23
Altaville Drug Store v. EDD (1988) 44 Cal.3d 231, 238…………………………………………………………………………………. 14
Amador Valley Joint Union High School District v. State Board of Equalization
(1978) 22 Cal.3d 208, 245……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4, 20
American Tobacco Co. v. Superior Court (1989) 208 Cal.App.3d 480, 486………………………………………….. 7, 21, 24
Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights v. State of California (1996, 3rd Dist)
51 Cal.App.4th 724, 737……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 19, 20
Amex Life Assurance Co. v. Superior Court (1996, 2nd Dist, Div 5) 48 Cal.App.4th
810, 819…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 28
Amvest Mortgage Corp. v. Antt (1997, 1st Dist, Div 3) 58 Cal.App.4th 1239, 1245 17
Amwest Surety Insurance Co. v. Wilson (1995) 11 Cal.4th 1243, 1252………………………………………………. 18, 19, 20
Anaheim Redevelopment Agency v. Dusek (1987) 193 Cal.App.3d 249, 256……………………………………………….. 24
Andreacchi v. Price Co. (1997, 1st Dist, Div 1) 53 Cal.App.4th 646, 655, 656 15, 22
Aquilino v. Marin County Employees’ Retirement Assn. (1998, 1st Dist, Div 2)
60 Cal.App.4th 1509, 1516………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15, 32
Arcadia Redevelopment v. Ikemoto (1993, 2nd Dist, Div 3) 16 Cal.App.4th 444, 457 28
Arellano v. Moreno (1973) 33 Cal.App.3d 877, 884……………………………………………………………………………………… 16
Armenio v. County of San Mateo (1994, 1st Dist, Div 5) 28 Cal.App.4th 413, 416 4, 15
Armenta v. Churchill (1954) 42 Cal.2d 448, 455…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
Arvin Union School District v. Ross (1985, 2nd Dist, Div 2) 176 Cal.App.3d
189, 199………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10, 20, 30
Azusa Land Reclamation Co. v. Main San Gabriel Basin Watermaster
(1997, 2nd Dist, Div 7) 52 Cal.App.4th 1165, 1203………………………………………………………………………………….. 14, 15, 31, 35
Bailey v. Superior Court (1977) 19 Cal.3d 970, 977-978, fn. 10………………………………………………………………………. 11
Bank of America v. Lallana (1997, 1st Dist, Div 3) 55 Cal.App.4th 543, 552, 553 15
Bank of America v. Lallana (1998) 19 Cal.4th 203, 212………………………………………………………………………………….. 14
Bank of the Orient v. Town of Tiburon (1990, 1st Dist, Div 1) 220 Cal.App.3d
992, 1002, fn. 11……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 27, 32
Barajas v. City of Anaheim (1993, 4th Dist, Div 3) 15 Cal.App.4th 1808, 1814 30
Bell v. DMV (1992, 1st Dist, Div 3) 11 Cal.App.4th 304, 311………………………………………………………………………… 32
Bell v. Superior Court (1989) 215 Cal.App.3d 1103, 1109, fn. 7……………………………………………………………………… 32
Belton Electronics Corp. v. Superior Court (1978) 87 Cal.App.3d 452, 455-6 15
Billings v. Health Plan of America (1990, 2nd Dist, Div 1) 225 Cal.App.3d
250, 257, fn. 3…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13, 17
Blakey v. Superior Court (1984) 153 Cal.App.3d 101, 105……………………………………………………………………….. 23, 27
Blumenfeld v. S.F. Bay Conserv. Comm. (1974) 43 Cal.App.3d 50, 55………………………………………………………….. 10
Board of Supervisors v. Lonergan (1980) 27 Cal.3d 855………………………………………………………………………………. 20
Bodell Construction Co. v. Trustees of California State University
(1998, 4th Dist, Div 1) 62 Cal.App.4th 1508, 1524…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22
Brian W., a minor v. Superior Court (1978) 20 Cal.3d 618, 622……………………………………………………………………… 16
Bringante v. Huang (1993, 2nd Dist, Div 4) 20 Cal.App.4th 1569, 1581………………………………………………………… 17
Brosnahan v. Brown (1982) 32 Cal.3d 236, 267, fn. 7……………………………………………………………………………………. 20
Broughton v. Cigna Healthplans (1998, 2nd Dist, Div 4) 65 Cal.App.4th
314, 319, 333 (Petition for Review Granted)………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 17, 25
Brown v. Kelly Broadcasting (1989) 48 Cal.3d 711, 724…………………………………………………………………………………. 3
Brown v. Poway Unified School District (1993) 4 Cal.4th 820, 831-835………………………………………………………… 16
Brown v. Superior Court (C.C. Myers, Inc.) (1984) 37 Cal.3d 477…………………………………………………………………… 8
Brownell v. City and County of San Francisco (1954) 126 Cal.App.2d 102, 114 23
Building Industry Assn. v. City of Livermore (1996, 1st Dist, Div 3)
45 Cal.App.4th 719, 737……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 13, 15, 17, 23, 24
Bullock v. City and County of San Francisco (1990, 1st Dist, Div 4)
221 Cal.App.3d 1072, 1096…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11
Burden v. Snowden (1992) 2 Cal.4th 556, 564……………………………………………………………………………………. 12, 19, 22
Butler v. Superior Court (1998, 2nd Dist, Div 5) 63 Cal.App.4th 64, 67…………………………………………………………. 17
Cal Service Station Assn. v. Union Oil Co. (1991, 1st Dist, Div 5)
232 Cal.App.3d 44, 54………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15, 24
California Country Club Homes Assn. v. City of Los Angeles
(1993, 2nd Dist, Div 7) 18 Cal.App.4th 1425, 1440………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
California Court Reporter’s Association v. Judicial Council of California
(1995, 1st Dist, Div 4) 39 Cal.App.4th 15, 31………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
California Housing Finance Agency v. Patitucci (1978) 22 Cal.3d 171, 177 20
California Institute of Technology v. Johnson (1942) 55 Cal.App.2d 856, 859 20
California Mfrs. Assn. v. Public Utilities Commission (1979) 24 Cal.3d
836, 844, 846………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2, 6, 13, 24, 31
California State Restaurant Assn. v. Whitlow (1976) 58 Cal.App.3d 340, 344-45 5
California Teachers Assn. v. Governing Board (1983, 5th Dist) 141 Cal.App.3d
606, 613………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3, 14, 17
California Teachers Assn. v. Governing Board of Rialto Unified School District
(1997) 14 Cal.4th 627, 632…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3, 14
California Teachers Assn. v. San Diego Community College District (1981)
28 Cal.3d 692, 698, 699………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2, 26, 35
California Trout, Inc. v. State Water Resources Control Board (1989, 3rd Dist)
207 Cal.App.3d 585, 601………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13, 18, 19, 24
Californians for Population Stabilization v. Hewlett-Packard Co. (1997, 6th Dist)
58 Cal.App.4th 273, 284……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15, 17
Campbell v. Zolin (1995, 6th Dist) 33 Cal.App.4th 489, 494-496……………………………………………………………………. 19
Carlton Browne and Company v. Superior Court (1989, 2nd Dist) 210 Cal.App.3d
35, 41, fn. 3……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 36
Carroll v. State Bar (1985) 166 Cal.App.3d 1193, 1202………………………………………………………………………………….. 24
Central Delta Water Agency v. Water Resources Control Board (1993, 3rd Dist)
17 Cal.App.4th 621, 634…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 31
Central Pathology Service Medical Clinic v. Superior Court (1992) 3 Cal.4th
181, 187…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11, 14, 21, 22
Cheyanna M. v. A.C. Nielsen Co. (1998, 2nd Dist) 66 Cal.App.4th
855, 864, 868-870, 875…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17, 18, 22, 28
CIGA v. W.C.A.B. (1992, 2nd Dist, Div 2) 10 Cal.App.4th 988, 996, fn. 6……………………………………………………… 23
Cisneros v. Vuere (1995, 1st Dist, Div 2) 37 Cal.App.4th 906, 911…………………………………………………………… 22, 27
City of Poway v. City of San Diego (1991, 4th Dist, Div 1) 229 Cal.App.3d
847, 866……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 29, 32
City of Richmond v. Commission on State Mandates (1998, 3rd Dist)
64 Cal.App.4th 1190, 1199, 1200……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15, 26
City of San Jose v. Superior Court (1993) 5 Cal.4th 47, 54………………………………………………………………………… 3, 14
City of Santa Cruz v. Municipal Court (1989) 49 Cal.3d 74, 89………………………………………………………………… 14, 30
City of Vernon v. Board of Harbor Comrs. (1998, 2nd Dist, Div 7) 63 Cal.App.4th
677, 692, 693, fn. 14……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15
Clark v. W.C.A.B. (1991, 2nd Dist, Div 7) 230 Cal.App.3d 684, 695…………………………………………………………. 13, 31
Clavell v. North Coast Business Park (1991, 4th Dist, Div 1) 232 Cal.App.3d
328, 332……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2, 17
Clayton v. Superior Court (1998, 4th Dist) 67 Cal.App.4th 28, 32, 33……………………………………………………………. 17
Clemente v. Amundson (1998, 3rd Dist) 60 Cal.App.4th 1094, 1104-1107, fn. 10 15, 23, 25
Coastal Care Centers, Inc. v. Meeks (1986, 1st Dist, Div 5) 184 Cal.App.3d
85, 89 15, 17, 19
Comite De Padres De Familia v. Honig (1987) 192 Cal.App.3d 528, 533……………………………………………………….. 23
Commodore Home Systems, Inc. v. Superior Court (1982) 32 Cal.3d 211, 219, fn. 9 26, 29
Coniglio v. Department of Motor Vehicles (1995, 6th Dist) 39 Cal.App.4th 666, 675 13, 24
Conrad v. Medical Board of California (1996, 4th Dist, Div 1) 48 Cal.App.4th
1038, 1050……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24
Conservatorship of Bryant (1996, 4th Dist, Div 1) 45 Cal.App.4th 117, 120 4, 23
Consumer’s Union v. California Milk Product Adv. (1978) 82 Cal.App.3d 439, 446, 448 20
Conway v. City of Imperial Beach (1997, 4th Dist, Div 1) 52 Cal.App.4th 78, 84 4
Coopers and Lybrand v. Superior Court (1989) 212 Cal.App.3d 524, 535…………………………………………………….. 36
Coronado Yacht Club v. California Coastal Commission (1993, 4th Dist, Div 1)
13 Cal.App.4th 860, 870…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 21
Cossack v. City of Los Angeles (1974) 11 Cal.3d 726, 733…………………………………………………………………………… 10
County of Alameda v. Pacific Gas & Electric Co. (1997, 6th Dist)
51 Cal.App.4th 1691, 1700……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15
County of Los Angeles v. State (1987) 43 Cal.3d 46, 51, fn. 2……………………………………………………………. 25, 26, 30
County of Orange v. Ranger Insurance Co. (1998, 4th Dist, Div 3)
61 Cal.App.4th 795, 801…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 12, 15, 16, 24
County of Sacramento v. Fair Political Practices Commission (1990, 3rd Dist)
222 Cal.App.3d 687, 693, fn. 2………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 20, 30
County of Sacramento v. Hickman (1967) 66 Cal.2d 841, 849…………………………………………………………………………. 6
County of Sacramento v. State of California (1982) 134 Cal.App.3d 428, 433-34 33
County of San Bernardino v. City of San Bernardino (1997) 15 Cal.4th 909, 917, 926 13, 23
County of San Diego v. Department of Health Services (1991, 4th Dist, Div 1)
1 Cal.App.4th 656, 661………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15, 18, 24
County of San Diego v. Superior Court (1986) 176 Cal.App.3d 1009……………………………………………………………. 28
County of San Mateo v. Booth (1982) 135 Cal.App.3d 388, 396…………………………………………………………………….. 4
County of Santa Clara v. Perry (1998) 18 Cal.4th 435, 444………………………………………………………………………. 14, 36
County of Ventura v. Stark (1984) 158 Cal.App.3d 1112………………………………………………………………………………… 4
County of Yolo v. Colgan (1901) 132 Cal. 265……………………………………………………………………………………………… 25
Covarrubias v. Superior Court (1998, 6th Dist) 60 Cal.App.4th 1168, 1177 12, 15, 20,
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 25, 30, 36
Crees v. California State Board of Medical Examiners (1963) 213 Cal.App.2d
195, 211…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 20
Crowl v. Commission on Professional Competence (1990, 3rd Dist) 225 Cal.App.3d
334, 347…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 31
Crusader Insurance Co. v. Scottsdale Insurance Co. (1997, 2nd Dist, Div 2)
54 Cal.App.4th 121, 136……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 24, 30
Cuadra v. Bradshaw (1997, 1st Dist) 53 Cal.App.4th 869, 875………………………………………………………………………. 32
Curtis v. County of Los Angeles (1985) 172 Cal.App.3d 1243……………………………………………………………………… 16
C-Y Development Co. v. City of Redlands (1982) 137 Cal.App.3d 926, 929……………………………………………………. 5
Dant v. Superior Court (1998, 1st Dist, Div 1) 61 Cal.App.4th
380, 387, fn. 10………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 12, 15, 17, 24
Davis v. Cordova Recreation and Park District (1972) 24 Cal.App.3d 789, 796 16
Decastro West Chodorow & Burns, Inc. v. Superior Court (1996, 2nd Dist, Div 7)
47 Cal.App.4th 410, 418……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4, 15
Del Costello v. State of California (1982) 135 Cal.App.3d 887, 893……………………………………………………………….. 33
Del Mar v. Caspe (1990, 6th Dist) 222 Cal.App.3d 1316, 1325………………………………………………………………………. 19
Delaney v. Baker (1997, 1st Dist, Div 5) 59 Cal.App.4th 1403, 1413
(Petition for Review Granted)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15, 17, 22, 27
Diamond International Corp. v. Boas (1979) 92 Cal.App.3d 1015, 1034………………………………………………………… 20
Diamond View Limited v. Herz (1986) 180 Cal.App.3d 612, 619……………………………………………………………………. 25
Dickey v. Raisin Proration Zone #1 (1944) 24 Cal.2d 796, 802………………………………………………………………………… 7
Droeger v. Friedman, Sloan & Ross (1991) 54 Cal.3d 26, 39…………………………………………………………………………. 16
Dubins v. Regents of the University of California (1994, 1st Dist, Div 2)
25 Cal.App.4th 77, 86, 87……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 24
DuBois v. W.C.A.B. (1993) 5 Cal.4th 382, 393-394…………………………………………………………………………….. 14, 22, 30
Duty v. Abex Corp. (1989) 214 Cal.App.3d 742, 747…………………………………………………………………………………….. 27
Dyna Med, Inc. v. F.E.H.C. (1987) 43 Cal.3d 1379, 1387……………………………………………………………………………….. 14
E. Peninsula Ed. Council v. Palos Verdes School District (1989, 2nd Dist)
210 Cal.App.3d 155, 168…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23, 36
Edgar v. Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board (1998, 4th Dist, Div 1)
65 Cal.App.4th 1, 18…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 12, 33
Estate of Cirone (1984) 153 Cal.App.3d 199, 202………………………………………………………………………………………….. 30
Estate of Joseph (1998) 17 Cal.4th 203, 209, 210, 217…………………………………………………………………………. 14, 16, 36
Estate of MacDonald (1990) 51 Cal.3d 262, 268……………………………………………………………………………………………. 16
Estate of Reeves (1991, 3rd Dist) 233 Cal.App.3d 651, 656, 658……………………………………………………………………. 17
Estate of Sanders (1992, 4th Dist, Div 1) 2 Cal.App.4th 462, 471……………………………………………………….. 17, 29, 31
Estate of Simoni (1963) 220 Cal.App.2d 339, 341………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11
Estate of Wanamaker (1977) 65 Cal.App.3d 587, 593……………………………………………………………………………………. 13
Eu v. Chacon (1976) 16 Cal.3d 465, 470………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 33
F&P Growers Assn. v. A.L.R.B. (1985) 168 Cal.App.3d 667, 678…………………………………………………………….. 23, 27
Fallbrook Sanitation District v. LAFCO (1989) 208 Cal.App.3d 753, 764…………………………………………………. 31, 37
Farnow v. Superior Court (1990, 1st Dist, Div 2) 226 Cal.App.3d 481, 490 7, 13, 16,
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 22, 27, 29
Federal National Mortgage Assn. v. Bugna (1997, 4th Dist, Div 1) 57 Cal.App.4th
529, 540………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 14, 15, 25
Ferraro v. Chadwick (1990, 4th Dist, Div 1) 221 Cal.App.3d 86, 94……………………………………………………………….. 24
Fireman’s Fund Insurance Companies v. Quackenbush (1997, 1st Dist, Div 5)
52 Cal.App.4th 599, 606……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4, 17
Five v. Chaffey Joint Union High School District (1990, 4th Dist, Div 2)
225 Cal.App.3d 1548, 1555…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17
Flesker v. W.C.A.B. (1979) 23 Cal.3d 382, 325……………………………………………………………………………………………… 23
Fogolson v. Municipal Court (1981) 120 Cal.App.3d 858, 861……………………………………………………………………… 36
Foley v. Interactive Data Corp. (1988) 47 Cal.3d 654, 674…………………………………………………………………………….. 16
Fortman v. Hemco, Inc. (1989) 211 Cal.App.3d 241, 262………………………………………………………………………………. 36
Forty-Niner Truck Plaza, Inc. v. Union Oil Co. (1997, 3rd Dist)
58 Cal.App.4th 1261, 1273, 1275, fn. 5, 1280, 1281, 1284, fn. 11…………………………………………………………. 15, 21, 24, 32, 36
FPI Development v. Nakashima (1991, 3rd Dist) 229 Cal.App.3d 727, 746……………………………………………………. 17
Franklin v. Appel (1992, 2nd Dist, Div 3) 8 Cal.App.4th 875, 890……………………………………………………………. 18, 21
Freedom Newspapers, Inc. v. Orange County Employees Retirement System (1993)
6 Cal.4th 821, 826……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3, 33
Friends of Lake Arrowhead v. Board of Supervisors (1974) 38 Cal.App.3d 497, 506 33
Friends of Mammoth v. Board of Supervisors (1972) 8 Cal.3d 247, 259……………………………………………………… 3, 7
Gallagher v. Campodonica (1932) 121 Cal.App.1st 765………………………………………………………………………………… 10
Garcia v. McCutchen (1997) 16 Cal.4th 469, 481…………………………………………………………………………………………… 14
Gay Law Students Assn. v. Pacific Tel & Tel Co. (1979) 24 Cal.3d 458, 480, fn. 13 31
Gay v. Reclamation District No. 1500 (1917) 174 Cal. 622, 630……………………………………………………………………… 22
Golden State Homebuilding Assn. v. City of Modesto (1994, 5th Dist)
26 Cal.App.4th 601, 608…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4, 21, 29, 32
Goodstone v. Southwest Airlines Co. (1998, 2nd Dist, Div 5) 63 Cal.App.4th
406, 422, 423………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15
Graham v. W.C.A.B. (1989) 210 Cal.App.3d 499, 505………………………………………………………………………………. 31, 37
Granberry v. Islay Investments (1995) 9 Cal.4th 738, 744-746………………………………………………………………………… 5
Greenwood Addition Homeowners Assn. v. City of San Marino (1993, 2nd Dist, Div 2)
14 Cal.App.4th 1360, 1370, fn. 5……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15, 36
Grossmont Hospital v. Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board (1997, 4th Dist, Div 1)
59 Cal.App.4th 1348, 1358, 1359………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15, 31, 32
Grubb & Ellis Co. v. Bello (1993, 2nd Dist, Div 4) 19 Cal.App.4th 231, 240 36
Grupe Development Co. v. Superior Court (1993) 4 Cal.4th 911, 922…………………………………………………. 18, 29, 31
H. S. Mann Corporation v. Moody (1956) 144 Cal.App.2d 310……………………………………………………………………. 10
Hall v. Hall (1990, 4th Dist, Div 1) 222 Cal.App.3d 578, 585…………………………………………………………………….. 15, 16
Hancock Oil Company of California v. Independent Distributing Company (1944)
24 Cal.2d 497…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10
Hattersley v. American Nucleonics Corp. (1992, 2nd Dist, Div 6) 3 Cal.App.4th
397, 401…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 17
Haworth v. Lira (1991, 2nd Dist) 232 Cal.App.3d 1362, 1369-1370………………………………………………………………… 17
Hobbs v. Municipal Court (1991, 4th Dist, Div 1) 233 Cal.App.3d 670, 682 11
Hogoboom v. Superior Court (1996, 2nd Dist, Div 5) 51 Cal.App.4th 653, 670 15, 17
Hondo Co. v. Superior Court (1998, 2nd Dist) 67 Cal.App.4th 176, 182, 183 20, 30
Honey Springs Homeowners Assn. v. Board of Supervisors (1984) 157 Cal.App.3d 1122 15, 21
Hope v. Contractors’ Etc. Board (1964) 228 Cal.App.2d 414, 419…………………………………………………………………. 15
Hudson v. Board of Administration (1997, 1st Dist, Div 2) 59 Cal.App.4th
1310, 1323…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15, 17, 23
Hughes v. Board of Architectural Examiners (1998) 17 Cal.4th 763, 783, fn. 7 14, 19
Hung v. Wang (1992) 8 Cal.App.4th 908, 920…………………………………………………………………………………………. 15, 19
Hutnick v. U.S. Fidelity and Guaranty Co. (1988) 47 Cal.3d 456, 465, fn. 7 14
In re Carr (1998, 2nd Dist) 65 Cal.App.4th 1525, 1532-1534…………………………………………………….. 15, 18, 22, 26, 32
In re Eldorado Insurance Company (1987) 189 Cal.App.3d 1149, 1152…………………………………………………………… 4
In re Haines (1925) 195 Cal. 605, 613……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
In re Harris (1989) 49 Cal.3d 131, 136……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11
In re Harris (1993) 5 Cal.4th 813, 844……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2
In re Lance, W. (1985) 37 Cal.3d 873, 889…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2, 16
In re Marriage of Abernethy (1992, 1st Dist, Div 5) 5 Cal.App.4th 1193, 1198 22
In re Marriage of Bjornestad (1974) 38 Cal.App.3d 801, 805………………………………………………………………………… 15
In re Marriage of Brigden (1978) 80 Cal.App.3d 380, 391……………………………………………………………………………… 15
In re Marriage of Buol (1985) 39 Cal.3d 751, 761-762……………………………………………………………………………………. 26
In re Marriage of Fell (1997, 2ndDist, Div 6) 55 Cal.App.4th 1058, 1062 15, 17
In re Marriage of Hublou (1991, 6th Dist) 231 Cal.App.3d 956, 962……………………………………………………………… 17
In re Marriage of Martinez (1984) 156 Cal.App.3d 20, 28……………………………………………………………………………… 25
In re Marriage of Norvall (1987) 192 Cal.App.3d 1047………………………………………………………………………………….. 31
In re Marriage of Paddock (1971) 18 Cal.App.3d 355, 359……………………………………………………………………………. 15
In re Marriage of Perry (1998, 3rd Dist) 61 Cal.App.4th 295, 305, 306………………………………………………… 12, 15, 36
In re Marriage of Seaman and Menjou (1991, 1st Dist, Div 2) 1 Cal.App.4th
1489, 1502……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24
In re Marriage of Siller (1986) 187 Cal.App.3d 36, 46, fn. 6……………………………………………………………………… 28, 36
In re Marriage of Watt (1989) 214 Cal.App.3d 340, 349………………………………………………………………………………… 23
In re Misener (1985) 38 Cal.3d 543, 552………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11
In re Parker (1998, 4th Dist, Div 1) 60 Cal.App.4th 1453, 1465, fn. 12………………………………………. 14, 15, 17, 33, 36
In re Quinn (1973) 35 Cal.App.3d 473, 483…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4
In re Rikki, D. (1991) 227 Cal.App.3d 1624, 1630…………………………………………………………………………………………… 21
In re Rottanak K. (1995, 5th Dist) 37 Cal.App.4th 260, 267, fn. 8………………………………………………………… 4, 10, 12,
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 13, 15, 17
In re Rudy L. (1994, 2nd Dist, Div 1) 29 Cal.App.4th 1007, 1012……………………………………………….. 2, 15, 17, 21, 22
In re Thanh Q (1992, 4th Dist, Div 3) 2 Cal.App.4th 1386, 1389……………………………………………………………………. 12
In re Tri-Valley Herald (1985, 1st Dist, Div 3) 169 Cal.App.3d 865, 871………………………………………………………… 17
In re Walters (1995, 3rd Dist) 39 Cal.App.4th 1546, 1557……………………………………………………………………………… 12
In re York (1994, 6th Dist) 27 Cal.Rptr.2d 771, 775-776…………………………………………………………………………………… 9
In re York (1995) 9 Cal.4th 1133, 1143-1145……………………………………………………………………………………. 9, 15, 22, 24
Industrial Risk Insurers v. The Rust Engineering Co. (1991, 1st Dist, Div 4)
232 Cal.App.3d 1038, 1045……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15, 21
J.R. Norton Co. v. Teamsters, Local 890 (1989) 208 Cal.App.3d 430, 442……………………………………………………… 11
JA Jones Construction Co. v. Superior Court (1994, 4th Dist, Div 3)
27 Cal.App.4th 1568, 1581…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13, 15, 24
Jimenez v. W.C.A.B. (1991, 1st Dist, Div 5) 1 Cal.App.4th 61, 67, fn. 3………………………………………………………… 37
John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. Greer (1998, 1st Dist, Div 2)
60 Cal.App.4th 877, 882………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11, 23, 25
Johnson v. Superior Court (1994, 2nd Dist, Div 5) 25 Cal.App.4th
1564, 1569………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 19, 23, 24, 32, 36
Joyce G. v. Superior Court (1995, 3rd Dist) 38 Cal.App.4th 1501, 1509……………………………………………………. 13, 25
Kaiser Foundation Health Plan v. Lifeguard (1993, 1st Dist, Div 4)
18 Cal.App.4th 1753, 1764……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 32
Kaplan v. Superior Court (1971) 6 Cal.3d 150, 157-8…………………………………………………………………………………….. 16
Kaplan’s Fruit and Produce Company v. Superior Court (1979) 26 Cal.3d 60, 65 11
Karlin v. Zalta (1984) 154 Cal.App.3d 953, 968, fn. 9…………………………………………………………………………………….. 32
Karrin v. Ocean-Aire Mobile Home Estates (1991, 2nd Dist, Div 6) 1 Cal.App.4th
1066, 1071……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18
Keeler v. Superior Court (1970) 2 Cal.3d 619, 630…………………………………………………………………………………………. 16
Keh v. Walters (1997, 6th Dist) 55 Cal.App.4th 1522, 1532…………………………………………………………………….. 15, 23
Kern v. County of Imperial (1990, 4th Dist, Div 1) 226 Cal.App.3d 391, 401 22, 24, 36
Kidd v. State of California (1998, 3rd Dist) 62 Cal.App.4th 386, 403…………………………………………….. 19, 20, 30, 36
Kishida v. State of California (1991, 4th Dist, Div 1) 229 Cal.App.3d 329, 335 21, 24, 32
Knighten v. Sam’s Parking Valet (1988, 4th Dist) 106 Cal.App.3d 69, 77……………………………………………………… 21
Kobzoff v. Los Angeles County Harbor/UCLA Medical Center (1998) 19 Cal.4th
851, 862, fn. 7………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 36
Koenig v. Johnson (1945) 71 Cal.App.2d 739, 750-751………………………………………………………………………………… 10
Lafayette Morehouse, Inc. v. Chronicle Publishing Co. (1995, 1st Dist, Div 5)
39 Cal.App.4th 1379, 1383…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15, 22, 37
Larson v. Duca (1989) 213 Cal.App.3d 324, 329…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4
Laurel Heights Improvement Assn. v. Regents of U.C. (1993) 6 Cal.4th 1112, 1127 1, 24
Legislature v. Eu (1991) 54 Cal.3d 492, 505……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4, 20
Lennane v. FTB (1994) 9 Cal.4th 263, 268………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5
Leslie Salt Co. v. S.F. Bay Conserv. and Develop. Comm. (1984) 153 Cal.App.3d
605, 614……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7, 10
Lewis v. Ryan (1976) 64 Cal.App.3d 330, 333………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
Li v. Yellow Cab Co. (1975) 13 Cal.3d 804, 817……………………………………………………………………………………………… 16
Lillebo v. Davis (1990, 3rd Dist) 222 Cal.App.3d 1421, 1439…………………………………………………………………………… 4
Lorenz v. Commercial Acceptance Insurance Co. (1995, 6th Dist) 40 Cal.App.4th
981, 993………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 17, 24, 36
Lukens v. Nye (1909) 156 Cal. 498, 501………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 31
Lundberg v. County of Alameda (1956) 46 Cal.2d 644, 653………………………………………………………………………….. 20
Lungren v. Deukmejian (1988) 45 Cal.3d 727, 735, 739-40…………………………………………………………………………. 7, 20
Maben v. Superior Court (1967) 255 Cal.App.2d 708, 713……………………………………………………………………………. 17
Madrid v. Justice Court (1975) 52 Cal.App.3d 819……………………………………………………………………………………….. 31
Maggio v. A.L.R.B. (1987) 194 Cal.App.3d 1329, 1333…………………………………………………………………………………. 23
Marina Village v. California Coastal Zone Conservation Commission
(1976) 61 Cal.App.3d 388, 392…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3
Marocco v. Ford Motor Co. (1970) 7 Cal.App.3d 84, 88………………………………………………………………………………. 35
Marrujo v. Hunt (1977) 71 Cal.App.3d 974, 977……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4
McCann v. Welden (1984) 153 Cal.App.3d 814……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4
McDowell v. Watson (1997, 4th Dist, Div 2) 59 Cal.App.4th 1155, 1161, fn. 3 28, 36
McGlothlen v. DMV (1977) 71 Cal.App.3d 1005, 1015…………………………………………………………………………………. 35
Mercy Hospital and Medical Center v. Farmers Insurance Group of Companies
(1997) 15 Cal.4th 213, 219…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7, 11, 17,
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 26, 27, 32, 33
Michaels v. Wayson (1964) 229 Cal.App.2d 404, 407………………………………………………………………………………….. 23
Milligan v. City of Laguna Beach (1983) 34 Cal.3d 829, 831……………………………………………………………………… 2, 14
Miro v. Superior Court (1970) 5 Cal.App.3d 87, 98………………………………………………………………………………………. 20
Moradi-Shalal v. Fireman’s Fund (1988) 46 Cal.3d 287, 299…………………………………………………………………….. 11, 30
Moreland v. Department of Corporations (1987) 194 Cal.App.3d 506, 512…………………………………………………… 11
Morin v. ABA Recovery Service (1987, 4th Dist, Div 1) 195 Cal.App.3d 200, 206 18, 31
Moseley v. Abrams (1985) 170 Cal.App.3d 355…………………………………………………………………………………………… 31
Mosier v. DMV (1993, 4th Dist, Div 3) 18 Cal.App.4th 420, 424……………………………………………………………… 16, 24
Mount Vernon Memorial Park v. Board of Funeral Directors and Embalmers
(1978) 79 Cal.App.3d 874-875………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4
Muller v. Automobile Club of So. California (1998, 4th Dist, Div 1)
61 Cal.App.4th 431, 442……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15, 26
Murillo v. Fleetwood Enterprises, Inc. (1998) 17 Cal.4th 985, 1003 (dissent) 14, 32
Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. City of Los Angeles (1990) 50 Cal.3d 402, 424 14
Napa Valley Wine Train v. Public Utilities Commission (1990) 50 Cal.3d
370, 382, fn. 19………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 14
National R.V., Inc. v. Foreman (1995, 4th Dist, Div 1) 34 Cal.App.4th
1072, 1083………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14, 15
Natural Resources Defense Council v. Fish & Game Commission(1994, 3rd Dist)
28 Cal.App.4th 1104, 1123……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2, 11, 15, 32
Neely v. Board of Retirement (1974) 36 Cal.App.3d 815, 819…………………………………………………………………………. 4
Nickelsberg v. W.C.A.B. (1991) 54 Cal.3d 288, 295……………………………………………………………………………. 14, 22, 32
Noroian v. Department of Administration (1970) 11 Cal.App.3d 651, 654-55 20
North Hollywood Project Area Com. v. City of Los Angeles (1998, 2nd Dist, Div 2)
61 Cal.App.4th 719, 724…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 18
Nunn v. State (1984) 35 Cal.3d 616………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
O’Loughlin v. W.C.A.B. (1990, 1st Dist, Div 1) 222 Cal.App.3d 1518, 1524 21
O’Brien v. Dudenhoeffer (1993, 2nd Dist, Div 6) 16 Cal.App.4th 327, 354……………………………………………….. 13, 15
Osgood v. Shasta (1975) 50 Cal.App.3d 586, 589……………………………………………………………………………………. 15, 16
Pacific Bell v. California State and Consumer Services Agency
(1990, 1st Dist, Div 3) 225 Cal.App.3d 107, 116………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14, 23
Pacific Gas & Electric v. County of Stanislaus (1997) 16 Cal.4th 1143………………………………………………………….. 29
Pacific Trust Co. v. Fidelity Federal (1986) 184 Cal.App.3d 817…………………………………………………………………… 16
Palmer v. Agee (1978) 87 Cal.App.3d 377, 384……………………………………………………………………………………………… 15
Pandazos v. Superior Court (1997, 2nd Dist, Div 5) 60 Cal.App.4th 324, 327 15, 24
Pasadena Police Officers Assn. v. City of Pasadena (1990) 51 Cal.3d
564, 577, fn. 7………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24
Patterson v. City of Livermore (1998, 1st Dist, Div 1) 64 Cal.App.4th 206, 215 15
Pearson v. State Social Welfare Board (1960) 54 Cal.2d 184, 210………………………………………………………. 22, 31, 35
Pennisi v. Fish & Game (1979) 97 Cal.App.3d 268, 275………………………………………………………………………………….. 7
People ex rel Flournoy v. Yellow Cab Co. (1973) 31 Cal.App.3d 41, 45…………………………………………………………… 7
People ex rel S.F. Bay Comm. v. Town of Emeryville (1968) 69 Cal.2d 533, 543 10
People v. Adams (1990, 5th Dist) 220 Cal.App.3d 680, 686………………………………………………………………………….. 34
People v. Ali (1967) 66 Cal.2d 277………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7
People v. Anzalone (1997, 2nd Dist, Div 6) 59 Cal.App.4th 230, 234
(Petition for Review Granted)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6
People v. Atlas (1998, 2nd Dist, Div 2) 64 Cal.App.4th 523, 526, 527, fn. 3 15
People v. Barrett (1990, 2nd Dist, Div 5) 226 Cal.App.3d 244, 252………………………………………………………………… 31
People v. Barry (1987) 194 Cal.App.3d 158………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 19
People v. Benson (1998) 18 Cal.4th 24, 33……………………………………………………………………………………. 14, 20, 30, 36
People v. Bishop (1993, 6th Dist) 11 Cal.App.4th 1125, 1132……………………………………………………………………….. 24
People v. Brady (1991, 1st Dist, Div 5) 234 Cal.App.3d 954, 960………………………………………………………………….. 15
People v. Brannon (1973) 32 Cal.App.3d 971……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 31
People v. Broussard (1993) 5 Cal.4th 1067, 1074…………………………………………………………………………………….. 18, 22
People v. Brown (1993) 6 Cal.4th 322, 334………………………………………………………………………………………………. 35, 38
People v. Butler (1996, 2nd Dist, Div 4) 43 Cal.App.4th 1224, 1237…………………………………………………… 11, 15, 22,
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 24, 25, 28
People v. Cardoza (1984) 161 Cal.App.3d 40, 44……………………………………………………………………………………… 21, 32
People v. Cherry (1989) 209 Cal.App.3d 1131, 1135……………………………………………………………………………………… 29
People v. Cruz (1996, 1st Dist) 13 Cal.4th 764, 775……………………………………………………………………………. 11, 14, 16,
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 20, 33, 36
People v. Edwards (1991) 54 Cal.3d 787, 810………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3
People v. Erickson (1997, 5th Dist) 57 Cal.App.4th 1391, 1402……………………………………………………………….. 23, 37
People v. Gangemi (1993, 1st Dist, Div 2) 13 Cal.App.4th 1790, 1798…………………………………………………………… 31
People v. Garcia (1998, 1st Dist, Div 1) 63 Cal.App.4th 820, 830……………………………………………… 12, 20, 30, 32, 36
People v. Goodloe (1995, 1st Dist, Div 1) 37 Cal.App.4th 485, 491…………………………………………………. 8, 13, 19, 30
People v. Griggs (1997, 5th Dist) 59 Cal.App.4th 557, 561………………………………………………………………………. 20, 36
People v. Hansel (1992) 1 Cal.4th 1211, 1217……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 14
People v. Harrell (1989) 207 Cal.App.3d 1439, 1446……………………………………………………………………………………… 31
People v. Harrison (1989) 48 Cal.3d 321, 329………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11
People v. Henson (1991, 5th Dist) 231 Cal.App.3d 172, 178…………………………………………………………. 15, 23, 29, 30
People v. Henson (1997, 4th Dist, Div 2) 57 Cal.App.4th 1380, 1386……………………………………………………………. 17
People v. Heston (1991, 5th Dist) 1 Cal.App.4th 471, 478…………………………………………………………………………….. 15
People v. Hinks (1997, 2nd Dist, Div 1) 58 Cal.App.4th 1157, 1163………………………………………………………………. 17
People v. Horn (1984) 158 Cal.App.3d 1014…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11
People v. Isaia (1989) 206 Cal.App.3d 1558, 1564, fn. 2………………………………………………………………………………… 36
People v. Jeffers (1987) 43 Cal.3d 984, 993………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1, 13, 25
People v. Jenkins (1987, 2nd Dist) 196 Cal.App.3d 394, 404……………………………………………………………………. 24, 26
People v. Jones (1993, 2nd Dist, Div 4) 12 Cal.App.4th 1106, 1114………………………………………………………………. 31
People v. Knowles (1950) 35 Cal.2d 175, 182……………………………………………………………………………………………. 4, 20
People v. Ledesma (1997) 16 Cal.4th 90, 98, 100…………………………………………………………………………… 12, 14, 32, 35
People v. Loeun (1997) 17 al.4th 1, 13………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 14
People v. Long (1970) 7 Cal.App.3d 586………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 35
People v. Madrana (1997, 5th Dist) 55 Cal.App.4th 1044, 1048…………………………………………………………………….. 15
People v. Markham (1986) 198 Cal.App.3d 249, 259………………………………………………………………………………………. 4
People v. Martinez (1987) 188 Cal.App.3d 1254…………………………………………………………………………………………… 33
People v. Martinez (1987, 2nd Dist, Div 2) 194 Cal.App.3d 15, 22……………………………………………………… 15, 17, 21
People v. Medina (1995, 5th Dist) 39 Cal.App.4th 643, 647-648………………………………………………………………. 15, 34
People v. Monroe (1993, 1st Dist, Div 2) 12 Cal.App.4th 1174, 1184……………………………………………………………. 25
People v. Newman (1991) 233 Cal.App.3d 646, 649, fn. 3……………………………………………………………………………… 23
People v. Olecik (1995, 6th Dist) 51 Cal.App.4th 54, 67, 69………………………………………………………………….. 6, 13, 15
People v. Overstreet (1986) 42 Cal.3d 891, 897……………………………………………………………………………………….. 11, 31
People v. Pieters (1991) 52 Cal.3d 894, 898-899………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7
People v. Preller (1997, 3rd Dist) 54 Cal.App.4th 93, 98………………………………………………………………………………… 33
People v. Prothero (1997, 3rd Dist) 57 Cal.App.4th 126, 132, fn. 5………………………………………………… 13, 15, 17, 26
People v. Quattrone (1989) 211 Cal.App.3d 1389, 1398………………………………………………………………………………… 13
People v. Ramirez (1995, 2nd Dist, Div 5) 33 Cal.App.4th 559, 572…………………………………………………….. 18, 20, 29
People v. Ramos (1996, 5th Dist) 50 Cal.App.4th 810, 821………………………………………………………………………. 25, 29
People v. Rodriguez (1984, 5th Dist) 160 Cal.App.3d 207, 214, fn. 11………………………………………………… 17, 32, 34
People v. Snook (1997) 16 Cal.4th 1210, 1219…………………………………………………………………………… 7, 14, 21, 30, 32
People v. Steffens (1998, 6th Dist) 62 Cal.App.4th 1273, 1284………………………………………………………………… 17, 22
People v. Stepney (1981) 120 Cal.App.3d 1016, 1020, fn. 4…………………………………………………………………………… 32
People v. Sterling Refining Co. (1927) 86 Cal.App. 558, 564…………………………………………………………………………. 35
People v. Stockton Pregnancy Control Clinic (1988) 203 Cal.App.3d 225, 233-34 11
People v. Superior Court (Bauman & Rose) (1995, 2nd Dist, Div 4) 37 Cal.App.4th
1757, 1765……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 31
People v. Superior Court (Douglass) (1979) 24 Cal.3d 428, 434……………………………………………………………………. 16
People v. Superior Court (Memorial Medical Center) (1991, 2nd Dist, Div 7)
234 Cal.App.3d 363, 380………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16, 17, 21, 27
People v. Superior Court (Romero) (1996) 13 Cal.4th 497, 504, 520, 528………………………………….. 19, 20, 25, 30, 35
People v. Superior Court of Santa Clara County (1975) 15 Cal.3d 271, 277 16
People v. Swinney (1975) 46 Cal.App.3d 332, 342………………………………………………………………………………………… 15
People v. Tanner (1979) 24 Cal.3d 514……………………………………………………………………………………………… 11, 14, 16,
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22, 23, 24,
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 25, 31, 32, 33
People v. Thomas (1992) 4 Cal.4th 206, 213……………………………………………………………………………………………. 14, 18
People v. Thompson (1988, 2nd Dist, Div 6) 205 Cal.App.3d 871, 879……………………………………………………… 4, 23
People v. Tilbury (1991) 54 Cal.3d 56, 62……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14
People v. Townsend (1998, 6th Dist) 62 Cal.App.4th 1390, 1397, 1398…………………………………………………………. 15
People v. Tran (1997, 6th Dist) 59 Cal.App.4th 1125, 1139 (concurrence)…………………………………………………….. 20
People v. Turner (1995, 2nd Dist, Div 5) 40 Cal.App.4th 733, 741………………………………………………… 15, 18, 20, 30
People v. Valladoli (1996, 2nd Dist) 13 Cal.4th 590, 602, 603, 605…………………………………………………………………. 16
People v. Ward (1998, 4th Dist, Div 2) 62 Cal.App.4th 122, 128……………………………………………………………… 15, 36
People v. Weatherill (1989, 2nd Dist) 215 Cal.App.3d 1569, 1576…………………………………………………………………. 24
People v. Wheeler (1992) 4 Cal.4th 284, 289…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16
People v. White (1978) 77 Cal.App.3d Supp. 17…………………………………………………………………………………………… 10
People v. Wiley (1976) 18 Cal.3d 162, 171……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16
People v. Williams (1976) 16 Cal.3d 663, 668………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16
People v. Zikorus (1983) 150 Cal.App.3d 324, 330……………………………………………………………………………………….. 20
Perez v. Smith (1993, 1st Dist, Div 5) 19 Cal.App.4th 1595, 1598…………………………………………………………….. 10, 17
Perez v. So. Pacific Trans. Co. (1990, 2nd Dist, Div 2) 218 Cal.App.3d 462, 467 13, 24
Planning & Conservation League v. Department of Water Resources (1998)
17 Cal.4th 264, 271, 272……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 14, 22, 36
Poliak v. Board of Psychology (1997, 3rd Dist) 55 Cal.App.4th 342, 348……………………………………………………….. 6
Pollack v. DMV (1985) 38 Cal.3d 367……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8
Post v. Prati (1979) 90 Cal.App.3d 626, 634……………………………………………………………………………………….. 23, 32, 35
Quarterman v. Kefauver (1997, 1st Dist, Div 1) 55 Cal.App.4th
1366, 1373………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6, 13, 15, 23, 24
Quelimane Company, Inc. v. Stewart Title Guaranty Co. (1998) 19 Cal.4th
26, 45 14, 17, 26, 37
Reimel v. Alcoholic Beverage Control Appeals Board (1967) 254 Cal.App.2d
340, 345……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15, 22
Reno v. Baird (1998) 18 Cal.4th 640, 647-651, 654, 655, 661…………………………………………………………………………… 11
Rich v. State Board of Optometry (1965) 235 Cal.App.2d 591, 601……………………………………………………………….. 23
Rideout Hospital Foundation v. County of Yuba (1992, 3rd Dist) 8 Cal.App.4th
214, 222…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 19
Roberts v. City of Palmdale (1993) 5 Cal.4th 363, 377…………………………………………………………………………………… 26
Roberts v. Gulf Oil Corp. (1983) 147 Cal.App.3d 770, 782……………………………………………………………………….. 16, 37
Rockwell v. Superior Court (1976) 18 Cal.3d 420, 443…………………………………………………………………………………… 16
Rogers v. Alvas (1984) 160 Cal.App.3d 997, 1003………………………………………………………………………………………… 27
Rosenthal v. Cory (1977) 69 Cal.App.3d 950, 953………………………………………………………………………………………… 11
Royal Company Auctioneers v. Coast Printing (1987) 193 Cal.App.3d 868, 873 30
Rushing v. Powell (1976) 61 Cal.App.3d 597, 604………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4
Russ Building Partnership v. City and County of San Francisco (1988) 44 Cal.3d
839, 852…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 33
Sacramento County v. Pacific Gas & Electric (1987) 193 Cal.App.3d 300………………………………………………………. 7
Salem v. Superior Court (1989) 211 Cal.App.3d 595, 601…………………………………………………………………………. 31, 33
San Bernardino Fire and Police v. City of San Bernardino (1962) 199 Cal.2d
410, 413…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7
San Diego Coast Regional Commission v. See the Sea Limited (1973) 9 Cal.3d
888, 891…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 20
San Francisco International Yachting Group v. City and County of San Francisco
(1992) 9 Cal.App.4th 672, 682………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5
Sanders v. Pacific Gas and Electric (1975) 53 Cal.App.3d 661………………………………………………………………………. 20
Sanford v. Garamendi (1991, 3rd Dist) 233 Cal.App.3d 1109, 1118……………………………………………………………. 4, 20
Santa Barbara County Taxpayers Assn. v. County of Santa Barbara (1987)
194 Cal.App.3d 674, 680…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7, 10
Santa Clara County Local Transportation Authority v. Guardino (1995)
11 Cal.4th 220, 235…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1, 18, 20, 30
Scarzella v. DeMers (1993, 3rd Dist) 17 Cal.App.4th 1762, 1768…………………………………………………………………… 17
Schmidt v. So. California Rapid Transit District (1993, 2nd Dist, Div 2)
14 Cal.App.4th 23, 30, fn. 10………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 36
Schwetz v. Minnerly (1990, 4th Dist, Div 1) 220 Cal.App.3d 296, 308…………………………………………… 13, 15, 18, 21
Sears v. Baccaglio (1998, 1st Dist, Div 2) 60 Cal.App.4th 1136, 1158………………………………………………… 10, 14, 15,
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 18, 19, 25
Segura v. McBride (1992, 1st Dist, Div 4) 5 Cal.App.4th 1028, 1033…………………………………………………………….. 37
Seibert v. Sears Roebuck (1975) 45 Cal.App.3d 11, 19………………………………………………………………………. 15, 31, 33
Select Base Materials, Inc. v. Board of Equalization (1959) 51 Cal.2d 640, 645 7
Shae-Kaiser-Lockheed-Healy v. Department of Water and Power (1977) 73 Cal.App.3d
679, 688…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16
Shapell Industries v. Governing Board (1991, 6th Dist) 1 Cal.App.4th
218, 241, 242…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 31, 36
Shelton v. City of Westminster (1982, 4th Dist, Div 1) 138 Cal.App.3d 610, 614 17
Sherwin-Williams Co. v. City of Los Angeles (1993) 4 Cal.4th 893, 899……………………………………………………….. 16
Shippen v. DMV (1984) 161 Cal.App.3d 1119………………………………………………………………………………………………. 30
Silver v. Brown (1966) 63 Cal.2d 841, 845………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6
Smith v. Rhea (1977) 72 Cal.App.3d 361, 369……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15
So. California Gas Co. v. Public Utilities Commission (1979) 24 Cal.3d 653, 659 14
So. Pacific Co. v. Industrial Accident Commission (1942) 19 Cal.2d 271, 275 14
Society of California Pioneers v. Baker (1996, 1st Dist, Div 1) 43 Cal.App.4th
774, 784…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 36
Sockett v. Gottlieb (1960) 187 Cal.App.2d 760, 768………………………………………………………………………………………. 23
Soil v. Superior Court (1997, 2nd Dist, Div 2) 55 Cal.App.4th 872, 878………………………………………………. 13, 15, 24
Solano County Employees’ Assn. v. County of Solano (1982) 136 Cal.App.3d
256, 259…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11
Somerset Importers Ltd. v. Continental Vintners (1986) 790 F.2D 775, 778 15, 30
Sounhein v. City of San Dimas (1996, 2nd Dist, Div 5) 47 Cal.App.4th
1181, 1189, 1191………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 19, 23, 36
Southern Pacific Pipe Lines v. State Board of Equalization (1993) 14 Cal.App.4th
42, 54 12
Southland Mechanical Constructors v. Nixen (1981, 4th Dist, Div 2) 119 Cal.App.3d
417, 427…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3, 7, 15,
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 17, 21, 24, 35
Stafford v. Los Angeles County Employees Retirement Board (1954) 42 Cal.2d 795, 799 7
Stahl v. Wells Fargo Bank (1998, 2nd Dist, Div 5) 63 Cal.App.4th 396, 403 15
State Board of Education v. Honig (1993, 3rd Dist) 13 Cal.App.4th 720, 733 12
State Compensation Insurance Fund v. W.C.A.B. (1985) 40 Cal.3d 5………………………………………………………….. 35
State Compensation Insurance Fund v. Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board
(1995, 2nd Dist, Div 3) 37 Cal.App.4th 675, 681………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4, 32
State Farm Mutual Auto Insurance Co. v. Haight (1988) 205 Cal.App.3d 223, 236 13
Steiner v. Superior Court (1996, 4th Dist, Div 3) 50 Cal.App.4th 1771, 1786, fn. 22 36
Steinfeld v. Foote-Goldman Proctologic Medical Group, Inc. (1997, 2nd Dist, Div 4)
60 Cal.App.4th 13, 18, 19………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 28, 31
Stone v. New England Insurance Co. (1995, 2nd Dist, Div 3) 33 Cal.App.4th
1175, 1211……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12
Stop Youth Addiction, Inc. v. Lucky Stores, Inc. (1998) 17 Cal.4th
553, 570……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16, 22, 25, 36, 37
Swift v. County of Placer (1984) 153 Cal.App.3d 209, 214……………………………………………………………………………… 8
Tafoya v. Hastings College of Law (1987) 191 Cal.App.3d 437, 447……………………………………………………….. 11, 32
Tahoe Regional Planning Agency v. King (1991, 3rd Dist) 233 Cal.App.3d 1365, 1406 5
Taxpayers v. FPPC (1990) 51 Cal.3d 744, 755, 766…………………………………………………………………………………… 20, 30
Taylor v. McKay (1975) 53 Cal.App.3d 664, 650……………………………………………………………………………………………. 4
Terhune v. Superior Court (1998, 1st Dist, Div 1) 65 Cal.App.4th
864, 880……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15, 18, 21, 22, 27
Terry York Imports v. DMV (1987, 2nd Dist, Div 1) 197 Cal.App.3d
307, 317, fn. 2……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17, 31, 36
Texas Commerce Bank v. Garamendi (1992, 2nd Dist, Div 4) 11 Cal.App.4th
460, 490……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 28, 32
Thomsen v. City of Escondido (1996, 4th Dist, Div 1) 49 Cal.App.4th 884, 891 20
Times Mirror Co. v. Superior Court (1991) 53 Cal.3d 1325, 1334, fn. 7………………………………………………………. 7, 14
Title Insurance and Trust Co. v. County of Riverside (1989) 48 Cal.3d 84, 95 6
Torres v. Automobile Club of So. California (1997) 15 Cal.4th 771, 779……………………………………………………….. 14
Townzen v. County of El Dorado (1998, 3rd Dist) 64 Cal.App.4th 1350, 1357, 1358 12, 18
Transamerica Occidental Life v. State Board of Equalization (1991, 2nd Dist)
232 Cal.App.3d 1048, 1058……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 24, 32
Tyler v. California (1982) 134 Cal.App.3d 973, 977……………………………………………………………………………………….. 33
Universal City Nissan, Inc. v. Superior Court (1998, 2nd Dist, Div 4) 65 Cal.App.4th
203, 208……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15, 31
Valley Title Co. v. San Jose Water Co. (1997, 6th Dist) 57 Cal.App.4th
1490, 1499, 1500………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15, 17, 24
Valnes v. Santa Monica Rent Control Board (1990, 2nd Dist, Div 1) 221 Cal.App.3d
1116, 1122………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15, 22
Van Arsdale v. Hollinger (1968) 68 Cal.2d 245, 250………………………………………………………………………………………. 16
Van De Kamp v. Gumbiner (1990, 2nd Dist, Div 5) 221 Cal.App.3d
1260, 1278, 1281…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15, 16, 21,
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23, 24, 27,
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 30, 31, 32, 38
Ventura County Deputy Sheriffs’ Assn. v. Board of Retirement (1997)
16 Cal.4th 483, 504-505……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17, 18, 36
Villa v. McFerren (1995, 2nd Dist, Div 5) 35 Cal.App.4th 733, 744……………………………………………………………….. 15
Voss v. Superior Court (1996, 5th Dist) 46 Cal.App.4th 900, 913………………………………………………………………….. 15
Walsh v. Superior Court (1996, 2nd Dist, Div 4) 42 Cal.App.4th
1822, 1831, 1834…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 13, 15, 16, 24
Watson v. Los Altos School District (1957) 149 Cal.App.2d 768, 772………………………………………………………….. 23
WDT-Winchester v. Nilsson (1994, 6th Dist) 27 Cal.App.4th 516, 534………………………………………………………… 13
Webster v. State Board of Control (1987) 197 Cal.App.3d 29, 37, fn. 3………………………………………………………… 11
Wells Fargo Bank v. Bank of America (1995, 2nd Dist, Div 2) 32 Cal.App.4th,
424, 434……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8, 28
Wells Fargo Bank v. Goldzband (1997, 5th Dist) 53 Cal.App.4th 596, 616………………………………………………. 19, 31
West Pico Furniture v. Pacific Finance (1970) 2 Cal.3d 594, 610…………………………………………………………………… 33
Western Land Office v. Cervantes (1985) 175 Cal.App.3d 724…………………………………………………………………….. 31
Western Telcon, Inc. v. California State Lottery (1996) 13 Cal.4th 475, 484-485 20
White v. Davis (1975) 13 Cal.3d 757, 775……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20
Whitman v. Superior Court (1991) 54 Cal.3d 1063, 1072…………………………………………………………………………………. 4
Wiley v. So. Pacific Trans. Co. (1990, 2nd Dist, Div 5) 220 Cal.App.3d
177, 192, fn. 8………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13
William Lyon Co. v. Franchise Tax Board (1992) 4 Cal.App.4th 267, 275……………………………………………………… 29
William v. Berkeley (1601) Plow 223, 231……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
Williams v. Superior Court (1993) 5 Cal.4th 337, 352……………………………………………………………………………………. 11
Wilson v. City of Laguna Beach (1992, 4th Dist, Div 3) 6 Cal.App.4th 543, 555 30
Winchester v. Howard (1902) 136 Cal. 432, 439……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4
Winchester v. Mabury (1898) 122 Cal. 522, 527…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4
Wolton v. Bush (1953) 41 Cal.2d 460…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10
Woodman v. Superior Court (1987) 196 Cal.App.3d 407, 414……………………………………………………………. 24, 25, 36
Worthington v. Unemployment Ins. App. Bd. (1976) 64 Cal.App.3d 384, 388……………………………………………… 23
Yoffie v. Marin Hospital District (1987) 193 Cal.App.3d 743, 748…………………………………………………………………. 11
Yoshisato v. Superior Court (1992) 2 Cal.4th 978, 982………………………………………………………………………………….. 20
Youngblood v. Gates (1988, 2nd Dist) 200 Cal.App.3d 1302, 1343………………………………………………………….. 21, 23
Zidell v. Bright (1968) 264 Cal.App.2d 867…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10
Zipton v. W.C.A.B. (1990, 1st Dist, Div 3) 218 Cal.App.3d 980, 987………………………………………………. 3, 13, 15, 18
FEDERAL CASES
Abram v. San Joaquin Cotton Oil Company (1943) 49 F. Supp. 393…………………………………………………………….. 10
Dan Mero v. Tandy Corporation (1989) Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board
No. OAK 106331 page 8………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 37
De Malherbe v. International Union of Elevator Constructors (1977 N.D. Cal.)
438 F.Supp. 1121, 1139, fn. 22………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24
Harrison v. Northern Trust Co. (1943) 317 U.S. 476, 479………………………………………………………………………………… 6
Judd v. United States (1987) 650 Fed. Supp. 1503, 1511………………………………………………………………………………. 37
Lastarmes Inc. v. Commissioner (1982) CCH Dec. 39, 483, 79 Tax Court 810, 826…………………………………………… 4
Lynch v. Overholser (1962) 369 U.S. 705, 710………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6
New York v. Eisner (1921) 256 US 345, 349……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
Woodwork Mfrs. V. N.L.R.B. (1967) 386 U.S. 612, 640…………………………………………………………………………………. 24
STATUTES
Code of Civil Procedure Section 1859……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
Code of Civil Procedure Section 1859………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
Evidence Code Section 452……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 34
Evidence Code Section 453…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 34
Evidence Code Section 454…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 34
Evidence Code Section 459…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 35
OTHER SOURCES
California Lawyer………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 34
TEXT AUTHORITIES
Sutherland on Statutory Construction, Section 46.07……………………………………………………………………………………. 6
Sutherland on Statutory Construction, Section 48.03……………………………………………………………………………………. 9
Sutherland on Statutory Construction, Section 48.04………………………………………………………………………………….. 13
Sutherland on Statutory Construction, Section 57.06………………………………………………………………………………….. 11
TABLE OF APPELLATE CASES BY DISTRICT
FIRST DISTRICT
Adoption of Haley A.
Alexander, D. v. State Board of Dental Examiners
Alford v. Pierno
American Tobacco Co. v. Superior Court
Amvest Mortgage Corp. v. Antt
Andreacchi v. Price Co.
Aquilino v. Marin County Employees’ Retirement Assn.
Armenio v. County of San Mateo
Bank of America v. Lallana
Bank of the Orient v. Town of Tiburon
Bell v. DMV
Belton Electronics Corp. v. Superior Court
Blakey v. Superior Court
Blumenfeld v. S.F. Bay Conserv. Comm.
Brownell v. City and County of San Francisco
Building Industry Assn. v. City of Livermore
Bullock v. City and County of San Francisco
Cal Service Station Assn. v. Union Oil Co.
California Court Reporter’s Association v. Judicial Council of California
California State Restaurant Assn. v. Whitlow
Cisneros v. Vuere
Coastal Care Centers, Inc. v. Meeks
Comsat v. Franchise Tax Board
Consumer’s Union v. California Milk Product Adv.
County of San Mateo v. Booth
Cuadra v. Bradshaw
Dant v. Superior Court
Delaney v. Baker
Diamond International Corp. v. Boas
Dubins v. Regents of the University of California
Duty v. Abex Corp.
Estate of Cirone
Farnow v. Superior Court
Fireman’s Fund Insurance Companies v. Quackenbush
Hudson v. Board of Administration
In re Marriage of Abernethy
In re Marriage of Martinez
In re Marriage of Seaman and Menjou
In re Marriage of Watt
In re Tri-Valley Herald
Industrial Risk Insurers v. The Rust Engineering Co.
Jimenez v. W.C.A.B.
John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. Greer
Kaiser Foundation Health Plan v. Lifeguard
Lafayette Morehouse, Inc. v. Chronicle Publishing Co.
Larson v. Duca
Leslie Salt Co. v. S.F. Bay Conserv. and Develop. Comm.
Marocco v. Ford Motor Co.
McCann v. Welden
McGlothlen v. DMV
Mosely v. Abrams
Noroian v. Department of Administration
O’Loughlin v. W.C.A.B.
Pacific Bell v. California State and Consumer Services Agency
Patterson v. City of Livermore
Pennisi v. Fish & Game
People v. Brady
People v. Cardoza
People v. Clay
People v. Gangemi
People v. Garcia
People v. Goodloe
People v. Harrell
People v. Monroe
People v. Quattrone
People v. Stepney
People v. Sterling Refining Co.
Perez v. Smith
Quarterman v. Kefauver
Riemel v. Alcoholic Beverage Control Appeals Board
Rich v. State Board of Optometry
Rogers v. Alvas
Royal Company Auctioneers v. Coastal Printing
San Francisco International Yachting Group v.
City and County of San Francisco
Sanders v. Pacific Gas and Electric
Sears v. Baccaglio
Segura v. McBride
Seibert v. Sears Roebuck
Society of California Pioneers v. Baker
Solano County Employees’ Assn. v. County of Solano
Tafoya v. Hastings College of Law
Taylor v. McKay
Terhune v. Superior Court
Tyler v. California
Watson v. Los Altos School District
Webster v. State Board of Control
Worthington v. Unemployment Ins. App. Bd.
Yoffie v. Marin Hospital District
Zidell v. Bright
Zipton v. W.C.A.B.
SECOND DISTRICT
ABC Acceptance v. Dolby
Adamson v. Zipp
Almar Limited v. County of Ventura
Arcadia Redevelopment v. Ikemoto
Arellano v. Moreno
Arvin Union School District v. Ross
Azusa Land Reclamation Co. v. Main San Gabriel Basin Watermaster
Bell v. Superior Court
Billings v. Health Plan of America
Bosley Medical Group v. Abramson
Bostanian v. Liberty Savings Bank
Bringante v. Huang
Broughton v. Cigna Healthplans
Butler v. Superior Court
California Country Club Homes Assn. v. City of Los Angeles
Carlton Browne and Company v. Superior Court
Cheyanna M. v. A.C. Nielsen
CIGA v. W.C.A.B.
City of Vernon v. Board of Harbor Comrs.
Clark v. W.C.A.B.
Coopers and Lybrand v. Superior Court
County of Los Angeles v. State
County of Ventura v. Stark
Crees v. California State Board of Medical Examiners
Crusader Insurance Co. v. Scottsdale Insurance Co.
Curtis v. County of Los Angeles
DeCastro West Chodorow & Burns, Inc. v. Superior Court
E. Peninsula Ed. Council v. Palos Verdes School District
Elder v. Pacific Telephone Co.
Estate of Simoni
Estate of Wanamaker
F&P Growers Assn. v. A.L.R.B.
Fogolson v. Municipal Court
Fortman v. Hemco, Inc.
Franklin v. Appel
Goodstone v. Southwest Airlines Co.
Greenwood Addition Homeowners Assn. v. City of San Marino
Grubb & Ellis Co. v. Bello
H. S. Mann Corporation v. Moody
Hattersley v. American Nucleonics Corp.
Hogoboom v. Superior Court
Hondo Co. v. Superior Court
Hung v. Wang
In re Carr
In re Eldorado Insurance Company
In re Marriage of Bjornestad
In re Marriage of Brigden
In re Marriage of Paddock
In re Rudy L.
Johnson v. Superior Court
Karlin v. Zalta
Karrin v. Ocean-Aire Moblie Home Estates
Lewis v. Ryan
Maben v. Superior Court
Marina Village v. California Coastal Zone Conservation Commission
Marrujo v. Hunt
Michaels v. Wayson
New v. Consolidated Rock Products
O’Brien v. Dudenhoeffer
Pandazos v. Superior Court
People v. Anzalone
People v. Atlas
People v. Barrett
People v. Benson
People v. Butler
People v. Hinks
People v. Jenkins
People v. Jones
People v. Martinez
People v. Newman
People v. Ramirez
People v. Soto
People v. Superior Court (Bauman & Rose)
People v. Superior Court (Memorial Medical Center)
People v. Thompson
People v. Turner
People v. Weatherill
People v. White
Perez v. So. Pacific Trans. Co.
Post v. Prati
Rosenberg v. Goldstein
Rosenthal v. Cory
Santa Barbara County Taxpayers Assn. v. County of Santa Barbara
Schmidt v. So. California Rapid Transit District
Shae-Kaiser-Lockheed-Healy v. Department of Water and Power
Sockett v. Gottlieb
Southern Pacific Pipe Lines v. State Board of Equalization
Stahl v. Wells Fargo Bank
State Compensation Insurance Fund v. W.C.A.B.
Steinfeld v. Foote-Goldman Proctologic Medical Group, Inc.
Stone v. New England Insurance Co.
Terry York Imports v. DMV
Texas Commerce Bank v. Garamendi
Transamerica Occidental Life v. State Board of Equalization
Universal City Nissan, Inc. v. Superior Court
Valnes v. Santa Monica Rent Control Board
Van De Kamp v. Gumbiner
Villa v. McFerren
Walsh v. Superior Court
Wells Fargo Bank v. Bank of America
Wiley v. So. Pacific Trans. Co.
Wolitarsky v. Blue Cross of California
Youngblood v. Gates
THIRD DISTRICT
Aguimatang v. California State Lottery
Al-Sal Oil Co. v. State Board of Equalization
Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights v. State of California
California Institute of Technology v. Johnson
California Trout, Inc. v. State Water Resources Control Board
Central Delta Water Agency v. Water Resources Control Board
City of Richmond v. Commission on State Mandates
Clemente v. Amundson
Comite De Padres De Familia v. Honig
County of Sacramento v. Fair Political Practices Commission
County of Sacramento v. State of California
Crowl v. Commission on Professional Competence
Davis v. Cordova Recreation and Park District
Del Costello v. State of California
Diamond View Limited v. Herz
Estate of Reeves
Forty-Niner Truck Plaza, Inc. v. Union Oil Co.
FPI Development v. Nakashima
Hope v. Contractors’ Etc. Board
In re Marriage of Perry
In re Marriage of Siller
In re Walters
Joyce G. v. Superior Court
Kidd v. State of California
Koenig v. Johnson
Lillebo v. Davis
Mount Vernon Memorial Park v. Board of Funeral Directors and Embalmers
Natural Resources Defense Council v. Fish & Game Commission
Osgood v. Shasta
People ex rel Flournoy v. Yellow Cab Co.
People v. Barry
People v. Horn
People v. Long
People v. Martinez
People v. Preller
People v. Prothero
People v. Stockton Pregnancy Control Clinic
People v. Swinney
Plunkett v. Spaulding
Poliak v. Board of Psychology
Rideout Hospital Foundation v. County of Yuba
Sacramento County v. Pacific Gas & Electric
Sanford v. Garamendi
Scarzella v. DeMers
Schneider v. Medical Board
Shippen v. DMV
State Board of Education v. Honig
Swift v. County of Placer
Tahoe Regional Planning Agency v. King
Townzen v. County of El Dorado
FOURTH DISTRICT
Anaheim Redevelopment Agency v. Dusek
Barajas v. City of Anaheim
Bodell Construction Co. v. Trustees of California State University
Carroll v. State Bar
City of Imperial Beach
City of Poway v. City of San Diego
Clavell v. North Coast Business Park
Clayton v. Superior Court
Conrad v. Medical Board of California
Conservatorship of Bryant
Conway v. City of Imperial Beach
Coronado Yacht Club v. California Coastal Commission
County of Orange v. Ranger Insurance Co.
County of San Diego v. Department of Health Services
County of San Diego v. Superior Court
C-Y Development Co. v. City of Redlands
Edgar v. Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board
Estate of Sanders
Fallbrook Sanitation District v. LAFCO
Federal National Mortgage Assn. v. Bugna
Ferraro v. Chadwick
Five v. Chaffay Joint Union High School District
Friends of Lake Arrowhead v. Board of Supervisors
Graham v. W.C.A.B.
Grossmont Hospital v. Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board
Hall v. Hall
Hobbs v. Municipal Court
Honey Springs Homeowners Assn. v. Board of Supervisors
In re Rikki, D.
In re Thanh Q
JA Jones Construction Co. v. Superior Court
Kern v. County of Imperial
Kishida v. State of California
Knighten v. Sam’s Parking Valet
Maggio v. A.L.R.B.
McDowell v. Watson
Miro v. Superior Court
Morin v. ABA Recovery Services
Mosier v. DMV
Muller v. Automobile Club of So. California
National R.V., Inc. v. Foreman
Palmer v. Agee
People v. Cherry
People v. Ellis
People v. Henson
People v. Reyes
People v. Tabb
People v. Ward
People v. Zikorus
Salem v. Superior Court
Schwetz v. Minnerly
Shelton v. City of Westminster
Smith v. Rhea
State Farm Mutual Auto Insurance Co. v. Haight
Thomsen v. City of Escondido
Traverso v. People ex rel Department of Transportation
William Lyon Co. v. Franchise Tax Board
Wilson v. City of Laguna Beach
FIFTH DISTRICT
California Teachers Assn. v. Governing Board
Golden State Homebuilding Assn. v. City of Modesto
In re Marriage of Norvall
In re Quinn
In re Rottanak K.
Madrid v. Justice Court
Moreland v. Department of Corporations
Neely v. Board of Retirement
People v. Adams
People v. Brannon
People v. Erickson
People v. Griggs
People v. Henson
People v. Heston
People v. Isaia
People v. Madrana
People v. Medina
People v. Ramos
People v. Rodriguez
Roberts v. Gulf Oil Corp.
Rushing v. Powell
Valov v. Tank
Voss v. Superior Court
Wells Fargo Bank v. Goldzband
SIXTH DISTRICT
Californians for Population Stabilization v. Hewlett-Packard Co.
Campbell v. Zolin
Coniglio v. Department of Motor Vehicles
County of Alameda v. Pacific Gas & Electric
Covarrubias v. Superior Court
Del Mar v. Caspe
In re Marriage of Hublou
J.R. Norton Co. v. Teamsters, Local 890
Keh v. Walters
Pacific Trust Co. v. Fidelity Federal
People v. Bishop
People v. Olecik
People v. Steffens
People v. Townsend
People v. Tran
Shapell Industries v. Governing Board
Valley Title Co. v. San Jose Water Co.
Voss v. Superior Court
WDT-Winchester v. Nilsson
Western Land Office v. Cervantes
