Logo
Searching Tips

When searching Forecite California, there are shortcuts you can take to find the information you are looking for:

1. By Code Section:

Forecite uses standard abbreviations for different types of codes. Those abbreviations can be found below:

Codes:
CCR California Code of Regulations
Corp C Corporations Code
EC Evidence Code
FG Fish and Game Code
GC Government Code
HN Harbors & Navigation Code
HS Health & Safety Code
PC Penal Code
RT Revenue & Tax Code
VC Vehicle Code
WI Welfare & Institutions Code

Using these codes to search is very simple. For example, if you wanted to search for Penal Code section 20, you would type PC 20 into the search box.

2. By CALJIC Number:

Since Forecite is indexed to CALJIC, searching for CALJIC numbers is easy. For example, to search for CALJIC 3.16, you would type 3.16 into the search box.

3. By Case Name or Citation:

To find a case or citation, simply enter all or part of the case’s citation. Since many cases are known only by one name involved, it is often helpful to not search for the entire citation. For example, if you were searching for references to People v. Geiger (84) 35 C3d 510, 526 [199 CR 45], you could search for People v. Geiger or just Geiger. Searching for Geiger might be more helpful since it would find references to the case that do not include the full citation.

  • Contact Us
  • Log In
  • My Account

  • Home
  • Firm Overview
  • Attorney Profiles
  • Practice Areas
  • Verdicts & Settlements
  • News & media
  • Blog
  • Contact

Back to  Previous Page
Back to top

K. SERIES 700 HOMICIDE: SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES AND DEATH PENALTY

*click here to go directly to death penalty (760-766)*

(I) GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS (700-708)

  • F 700 SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES: INTRODUCTION (Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
  • F 700.1 TITLES AND IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES
    • F 700.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Introduction—Title
  • F 700.2 INSTRUCTIONS
    • F 700.2 Inst 1 Jurors Not Required To Decide Specials
    • F 700.2 Inst 2 Deletion Of Surplusage Language “In Order…”
    • F 700.2 Inst 3 All Jurors Must “Find” Special Circumstances
  • F 701 SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES: INTENT REQUIREMENT FOR ACCOMPLICE BEFORE JUNE 6, 1990 [NO FORECITE ENTRIES ON THIS INSTRUCTION]
  • F 702 SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES: INTENT REQUIREMENT FOR ACCOMPLICE AFTER JUNE 5, 1990—OTHER THAN FELONY MURDER (Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
  • F 702.1 TITLES AND IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES
    • F 702.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Intent Requirement for Accomplice After June 5, 1990—Other Than Felony Murder—Title
    • F 702.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 702.2 INSTRUCTIONS
    • F 702.2 Inst 1 Concurrence Of Act And Intent
    • F 702.2 Inst 2 Jurors Not Required To Decide Intent To Kill
    • F 702.2 Inst 3 Special Circumstances: No Reference To The Term “Accomplice”
    • F 702.2 Inst 4 Deletion Of Surplusage Language “In Order…”
    • F 702.2 Inst 5 Juror “Disagreement” —Requires At Least One Juror With A Reasonable Doubt
    • F 702.2 Inst 6 Modification Of Burden Shifting Language
    • F 702.2 Inst 7 “Decide” vs. “Find Beyond A Reasonable Doubt”
    • F 702.2 Inst 8 Deletion Of Argumentative And Duplicative Language
  • F 702.2 NOTES
    • F 702.2 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Intent—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
    • F 702.2 Note 2 Special Circumstances: Transferred Intent
  • F 703 SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES: INTENT REQUIREMENT FOR ACCOMPLICE AFTER JUNE 5, 1990—FELONY MURDER, PC 190.2(A)(17)
  • F 703.1 TITLES AND IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES
    • F 703.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Intent Requirement for Accomplice After June 5, 1990—Felony Murder—Title
    • F 703.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 703.2 Instructions
    • F 703.2 Inst 1 Concurrence Of Act And Intent To Kill
    • F 703.2 Inst 2 “Decide” vs. “Find Beyond A Reasonable Doubt”
    • F 703.2 Inst 3 Deletion Of Argumentative And Duplicative Language
    • F 703.2 Inst 4 Definition Of Reckless Indifference Requires Knowledge That The Felony Carries A Higher Probability Of Death Than Normally Attends Such Crime (PC 190.2(d))
    • F 703.2 Inst 5 Reckless Indifference: Factors For The Jury To Consider
    • F 703.2 Inst 6 Mere Knowledge That Accomplice Is Armed Insufficient To Prove Knowledge Of “Grave Risk Of Death”
  • F 703 NOTES
    • F 703 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Intent Requirement for Accomplice After June 5, 1990—Felony Murder—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
    • F 703 Note 2 “Major” Participant Special: Constitutional Challenge
    • F 703 Note 3 Ex Post Facto Limitations To “Major” Participant Special
    • F 703 Note 4 Special Circumstances: Relationship Of Causation To “Major” Participant Special
    • F 703 Note 5 “Major” Participant Special Circumstance: Applicable To Both Death And LWOP Cases
    • F 703 Note 6 “Major” Participant Special Circumstance: Requires Subjective Appreciation Of The Life-Threatening Risk, Even If Defendant Was A Major Participant
    • F 703 Note 7 Felony Murder Special Circumstance: Definition Of Reckless Indifference
    • F 703 Note 8 Constitutional Challenges To “Drive-By” Special Circumstance
    • F 703 Note 9 Major Participant Special: Standing By Is Insufficient
    • F 703 Note 10 Felony Murder Special Circumstance: Phrase “Major Participant” Not Unconstitutionally Vague
    • F 703 Note 11 Drive-by Murder Special Circumstance: Requirement Of Specific Intent
    • F 703 Note 12 Felony Murder Special Circumstance: Instruction On Intent To Kill Required When There Is A Possibility That The Defendant Was Not The Actual Killer
    • F 703 Note 13 Special Circumstances Requiring Intent To Kill (PC 190.2)
    • F 703 Note 14 Duty To Instruct On Reckless Indifference
  • F 704 SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES: CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE—SUFFICIENCY (Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
  • F 704.1 TITLES AND IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES
    • F 704.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Circumstantial Evidence—Sufficiency—Title
    • F 704.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 704.2 INSTRUCTIONS
    • F 704.2 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Circumstantial Evidence—Miscellaneous Issues And Instructions
    • F 704.2 Inst 2 Improper To Define Burden Of Proof In Terms Of Being Convinced Or Satisfied
  • F 704 NOTES
    • F 704 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Circumstantial Evidence—Sufficiency—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
    • F 704 Note 2 Special Circumstances: Circumstantial Evidence
  • F 705 SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES: CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE—INTENT OR MENTAL STATE
  • F 705.1 TITLES AND IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES
    • F 705.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Circumstantial Evidence—Intent Or Mental State—Title
    • F 705.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 705.2 INSTRUCTIONS
    • F 705.2 Inst 1 Deletion Of Surplus Language; Clarification Of Concurrence Of Act And Intent
  • F 705 NOTES
    • F 705 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Circumstantial Evidence—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
  • F 706 SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCE: JURY MAY NOT CONSIDER PUNISHMENT .(Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
  • F 706.1 TITLES AND IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES
    • F 706.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Jury May Not Consider Punishment—Title
    • F 706.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 706.2 INSTRUCTIONS
    • F 706.2 Inst 1 Jurors Not Required To Decide
    • F 706.2 Inst 2 Jury Not To Consider Penalty: Modification When Witness Testifies Pursuant To Bargain With Prosecution
    • F 706.2 Inst 3 Jury Must Not Consider Penalty Between Guilt And Penalty Phase Trials
    • F 706.2 Inst 4 Capital Case Preinstruction: Jury Must Not Consider Penalty During Guilt Phase
  • F 707 SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES: ACCOMPLICE TESTIMONY MUST BE CORROBORATED—DISPUTE WHETHER WITNESS IS ACCOMPLICE
  • F 707.1 TITLES AND IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES
    • F 707.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Accomplice Testimony Must Be Corroborated —Dispute Whether Witness Is Accomplice—Title
    • F 707.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 707.2 Instructions
    • F 707.2 Inst 1 Miscellaneous Issues And Instructions
    • F 707.2 Inst 2 Accomplice Corroboration Applies To Out-Of-Court Statements
  • F 708 Special Circumstances: Accomplice Testimony Must Be Corroborated —No Dispute Whether Witness Is Accomplice
  • F 708.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 708.1 Inst 1 —Title
    • F 708.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 708.2 Instructions
    • F 708.2 Inst 1 Miscellaneous Issues And Instructions
    • F 708.2 Inst 2 Accomplice Corroboration Applies To Out-Of-Court Statements
  • F 709B 719 Reserved
  • (II) Special Circumstance (720-737)
  • F 720 Special Circumstances: Financial Gain, PC 190.2(a)(1)
  • F 720.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 720.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Financial Gain—Title
    • F 720.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 720.2 Instructions
    • F 720.2 Inst 1 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
    • F 720.2 Inst 2 Concurrence Of Act And Intent
  • F 720 NOTES
    • F 720 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Financial Gain, PC 190.2(a)(1)—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
    • F 720 Note 2 Financial Gain Special: No Sua Sponte Duty To Instruct As To Concurrence Of Intent (PC 190.2(a)(1))
    • F 720 Note 3 Financial Gain Special: Role Of Motive Instruction (CJ 2.51) (PC 190.2(a)(1))
    • F 720 Note 4 Victim’s Death Must Be Essential Prerequisite Of The Financial Gain (PC 190.2(a)(1))
    • F 720 Note 5 Financial Gain Special: Imputation Of Motive To Aider And Abettor
    • F 720 Note 6 Financial Gain Need Not Be the Dominant Motive But Green Rule May Apply (PC 190.2(a)(1))
  • F 721 Special Circumstances: Multiple Murder Convictions (Same Case), PC 190.2(a)(3)
  • F 721.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 721.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Multiple Murder Convictions (Same Case) )—Title
    • F 721.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 721.2 Instructions
    • F 721.2 Inst 1 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
  • F 721 NOTES
    • F 721 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Multiple Murder Convictions (Same Case), PC 190.2(a)(3)—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
    • F 721 Note 2 Multiple Murder Special: Overbreadth Constitutional Challenge
    • F 721 Note 3 Multiple Murder Special: Overbreadth Constitutional Challenge When Multiple Murders Are Caused By A Single Act
    • F 721 Note 4 Multiple Murder Special: Defense Of Duress Should Apply (PC 190.2(a)(3))
    • F 721 Note 5 Multiple Murder Special Circumstance: No Double Counting
  • F 722 Special Circumstances: By Means Of Destructive Device, PC 190.2(a)(4) & (6)
  • F 722.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 722.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: By Means Of Destructive Device—Title
    • F 722.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 722.2 Instructions
    • F 722.2 Inst 1 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
    • F 722.2 Inst 2 Destructive Device: Reasonable Person Standard As Essential Part Of Element
    • F 722.2 Inst 3 Destructive Device Special Circumstance: Improper To Direct Verdict On Element
  • F 722 NOTES
    • F 722 Note 1 Special Circumstances: By Means Of Destructive Device—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
    • F 722 Note 2 Murder By Destructive Device, Etc. (PC 190.2(a)(4) & PC 190.2(a)(6)): Components Must Be An Explosive
    • F 722 Note 3 Murder By Destructive Device, Etc. (PC 190.2(a)(4) & PC 190.2(a)(6)): What Is A Bomb Or Explosive Device?
    • F 722 Note 4 Availability Of Special Circumstances For Both Use Of A Bomb And Lying In Wait
  • F 723 Special Circumstances: Murder to Prevent Arrest or Complete Escape, PC 190.2(a)(5)
  • F 723.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 723.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Murder to Prevent Arrest or Complete Escape —Title
    • F 723.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 723.2 Instructions
    • F 723.2 Inst 1. Separation Of Alternative Grounds; Enumeration And Clarification Of Elements
    • F 723.2 Inst 2 Murder to Prevent Arrest or Complete Escape
    • F 723.2 Inst 3 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
    • F 723.2 Inst 4 Special Circumstances—Murder of Peace Officer: Required Specific Intent To Avoid Arrest Or To Escape.
    • F 723.2 Inst 5 Special Circumstances: Avoidance-Of-Arrest
  • F 723 NOTES
    • F 723 Note 1 Murder During Escape Does Not Require That Defendant Was Booked
  • F 724 Special Circumstances: Murder Of Peace Officer, Federal Officer, Or Firefighter, PC 190.2(a)(7), (8) & (9)
  • F 724.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 724.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Murder Of Peace Officer, Federal Officer, Or Firefighter—Title
    • F 724.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 724.2 Instructions
    • F 724.2 Inst 1 Murder of Peace Officer, Etc.: Reasonable Person Standard As Essential Part Of Element
    • F 724.2 Inst 2 Murder of Peace Officer, Etc.: Concurrence Of The Murder And Intent To Kill
    • F 724.2 Inst 3 Murder of Peace Officer, Etc.: Separate Enumeration Of Discrete Elements
    • F 724.2 Inst 4 Murder of Peace Officer, Etc.: Intent Requirement
    • F 724.2 Inst 5 Murder of Peace Officer, Etc.: Lawful Performance Of Duties—Modification Of Burden Shifting Language
    • F 724.2 Inst 6 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
    • F 724.2 Inst 7 Killing Peace Officer In Retaliation For Performance Of Duties: Subjective Standard (PC 190.2(a)(7); PC 190.2(a)(8))
    • F 724.2 Inst 8 Peace Officer Special Circumstance: Proper Warrant Service As Factual Issue (PC 190.2(a)(7))
  • F 724 NOTES
    • F 724 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Murder of Peace Officer, Federal Officer, or Firefighter—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
    • F 724 Note 2 Peace Officer Special Requires Actual Knowledge
    • F 724 Note 3 Peace Officer Victim: “Performance Of Duties Defined” (PC 190.2(a)(7)/PC 190.2(a)(8)/PC 190.1(a)(9))—Lawful Detention Defined
    • F 724 Note 4 Federal Officer Special Requires Actual Knowledge
    • F 724 Note 5 Killing A Peace Officer: (PC 190.2 (a)(7) Is Included In Killing To Avoid Arrest (PC 190.2 (a)(5))
  • F 725 Special Circumstances: Murder of Witness, PC 190.2(a)(10)
  • F 725.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 725.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Murder of Witness—Title
    • F 725.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 725.2 Instructions
    • F 725.2 Inst 1 Murder of Witness: Concurrence Of Killing And Intent To Kill
    • F 725.2 Inst 2 Murder of Witness: Defendant Must Believe Victim Was A Witness
    • F 725.2 Inst 3 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
  • F 725 NOTES
    • F 725 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Murder of Witness—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
    • F 725 Note 2 Witness Murder Special: Definition Of “Juvenile Proceeding” (PC 190.2(a)(10))
    • F 725 Note 3 Witness Murder Special: Prevention of Testimony Need Not Be Predominant Purpose Of The Murder
    • F 725 Note 4 Witness Murder Special: No Requirement That Victim Be An Eyewitness To A Prior Crime
    • F 725 Note 5 Witness Murder Special: Content Of Testimony Irrelevant
    • F 725 Note 6 2004 Enlargement Of Witness-Murder Statute Should Not Apply To Pre-Enlargement Cases
    • F 725 Note 7 Witness Murder Special: (“Yoshiato Window” (Prop 115)) (PC 190.2(a)(10))
  • F 726 Special Circumstances: Murder of Judge, Prosecutor, Government Official, or Juror, PC 190.2(a)(11), (12), (13) & (20)
  • F 726.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 726.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Murder of Judge, Prosecutor, Government Official, or Juror—Title
    • F 726.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 726.2 Instructions
    • F 726.2 Inst 1 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
  • F 726 NOTES
    • F 726 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Murder of Judge, Prosecutor, Government Official, or Juror—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
    • F 726 Note 2 Prostitution Is Crime Of Moral Turpitude
  • F 727 Special Circumstances: Lying in Wait—Before March 8, 2000, PC 190.2(a)(15) (Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
  • F 727.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 727.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Lying in Wait—Before March 8, 2000—Title
    • F 727.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 727.2 Instructions
    • F 727.2 Inst 1 Lying In Wait: Modification Of Burden Shifting Language
    • F 727.2 Inst 2 Lying In Wait: Enumeration Of Elements
    • F 727.2 Inst 3 Lying In Wait: Detectable Interval Pinpoint Instruction
    • F 727.2 Inst 4 Lying In Wait: Deletion Of Duplicative And Argumentative Passages
    • F 727.2 Inst 5 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
  • F 727 NOTES
    • F 727 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Lying in Wait—Before March 8, 2000—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
    • F 727 Note 2 Lying In Wait Special: Constitutional Challenge
    • F 727 Note 3 Lying In wait: Additional Consideration Of Domino’s Rationale May Be Warranted
  • F 728 Special Circumstances: Lying in Wait—After March 7, 2000, PC 190.2(a)(15)
  • F 728.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 728.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Lying in Wait—After March 7, 2000—Title
    • F 728.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 728.2 Instructions
    • F 728.2 Inst 1 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
  • F 729 Special Circumstances: Murder Because of Race, Religion, or Nationality, PC 190.2(a)(16) (Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
  • F 729.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 729.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Murder Because of Race, Religion, or Nationality—Title
    • F 729.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 729.2 Instructions
    • F 729.2 Inst 1 Hate Special Circumstance: Defendant Must Act With Animosity Or Bias Toward A Protected Class
  • F 730 Special Circumstances: Murder in Commission of Felony, PC 190.2(a)(17)
  • F 730.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 730.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Murder in Commission of Felony—Title
    • F 730.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 730.2 Instructions
    • F 730.2 Inst 1 Whether Defendant Personally Committed The Felony: Modification Of Burden Shifting Language
    • F 730.2 Inst 2 Special Circumstances: Felony Murder—Jurors Not Required To Decide Special Circumstance
    • F 730.2 Inst 3 Special Circumstances: Felony Murder—Independent Purpose; Modification Of Burden Shifting Language
    • F 730.2 Inst 4 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
    • F 730.2 Inst 5 Felony Murder Special Circumstances Application Of Merger (Ireland) Doctrine (PC 190.2(a)(17))
    • F 730.2 Inst 6 Felony Murder Special Circumstance: “Still-In-Progress” Instruction Inapplicable To Crimes Other Than Robbery (PC 190.2(a)(17))
    • F 730.2 Inst 7 (a & b) Felony Murder Special Circumstance: Green Pinpoint Instruction
    • F 730.2 Inst 8 Accident Should Be Defense To Felony Murder Special Circumstance
    • F 730.2 Inst 9 Felony Murder Special: Specification Of Reckless Indifference, Major Participant And Actual Killer Elements
    • F 730.2 Inst 10 “Engaged In” vs. “Committed”
  • F 730 NOTES
    • F 730 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Murder in Commission of Felony—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
    • F 730 Note 2 Felony Murder Special: Green Applies To Arson (PC 190.2(a)(17))
    • F 730 Note 3 Felony Murder Special: Whether Green Instruction Must Be Given Sua Sponte (PC 190.2(a)(17))
    • F 730 Note 4 Felony Murder Special: Sua Sponte Duty To Instruct Upon Defenses, Etc. When Underlying Felony Is Not Substantively Charged (PC 190.2(a)(17))
    • F 730 Note 5 Felony Murder Special: Intent To Kill For Aider And Abettor (PC 190.2(a)(17))
    • F 730 Note 6 Felony Murder Special: When Intent To Kill Required Per Carlos (PC 190.2(a)(17))
    • F 730 Note 7 Felony Murder Special: “Yoshiato Window” (PC 190.2(a)(17))
    • F 730 Note 8 Felony Murder Special: All Felony Murders Subject To Special Circumstance Liability (PC 190.2(a)(17))
    • F 730 Note 9 Overbreadth Constitutional Challenge To Felony Murder Special Circumstance (PC 190.2(a)(17))
    • F 730 Note 10 Felony Murder Special: No Lesser Instruction Required For Felony Which Is Basis For Special Circumstance Allegation But Is Not Separately Charged (PC 190.2(a)(17))
    • F 730 Note 11 Duplication Of Elements In Felony Murder Special Circumstance As 8th Amendment Violation (PC 190.2(a)(17))
    • F 730 Note 12 Collateral Estoppel Precludes Re-Litigation Of Underlying Felony And Felony Murder Convictions (PC 190.2(a)(17))
    • F 730 Note 13 Felony Murder Special: Specific Intent To Commit Underlying Offense Not Required
    • F 730 Note 14 Felony Murder Special Circumstance: Robbery Or Burglary Need Not Be The Primary Intent
    • F 730 Note 15 Felony Murder Special: “Merely Incidental” Not Ambiguous (PC 190.2(a)(17))
  • F 730 Revision History and Commentary
  • F 731 Special Circumstances: Murder in Commission of Felony—Kidnapping With Intent to Kill, PC 190.2(a)(17) (After March 8, 2000)
  • F 731.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 731.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Murder in Commission of Felony—Kidnapping With Intent to Kill—Title
    • F 731.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 731.2 Instructions
    • F 731.2 Inst 1 “Engaged” As Insufficiently Precise
    • F 731.2 Inst 2 Modification Of Burden Shifting Language
    • F 731.2 Inst 3 Felony Murder Special Circumstance: Specification Of Person Killed
    • F 731.2 Inst 4 Deletion Of Duplicative And Argumentative Language
    • F 731.2 Inst 5 Felony Murder Special Circumstance: Concurrence Of Act And Intent To Kill
    • F 731.2 Inst 6 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
  • F 732 Special Circumstances: Murder in Commission of Felony—Arson With Intent to Kill, PC 190.2(a)(17)
  • F 732.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 732.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Murder in Commission of Felony—Arson With Intent to Kill—Title
    • F 732.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 732.2 Instructions
    • F 732.2 Inst 1 Natural And Probably: Constructive Knowledge Governed By Reasonable Person Standard
    • F 732.2 Inst 2 Juror Consideration Of Circumstances Should Not Be Limited To Those “Established By The Evidence”
    • F 732.2 Inst 3 Special Circumstance: Arson Felony Murder—Modification Of Burden Shifting Language
    • F 732.2 Inst 4 Arson Felony Murder: Specification Of Person Killed
    • F 732.2 Inst 5 Arson Felony Murder: Concurrence Of Act And Intent To Kill
    • F 732.2 Inst 6 Deletion Of Duplicative And Argumentative Language
    • F 732.2 Inst 7 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
  • F 733 Special Circumstances: Murder With Torture, PC 190.2(a)(18)
  • F 733.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 733.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Murder With Torture—Title
    • F 733.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 733.2 Instructions
    • F 733.2 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Torture—Acts Must Be Inflicted While Victim Was Alive
    • F 733.2 Inst 2 Special Circumstances: Torture—Concurrence Of Killing And Intent To Kill
    • F 733.2 Inst 3 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
  • F 733 NOTES
    • F 733 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Murder With Torture—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
    • F 733 Note 2 Torture Special: Proposition 115 Due Process/Ex Post Facto Issues: “Yoshiato Window” (PC 190.2(a)(18))
    • F 733 Note 3 No Causation Element For Torture-Murder Special Circumstance
    • F 733 Note 4 Torture Special: “Sadistic Purpose” As Unconstitutionally Vague (PC 190.2(a)(18))
  • F 734 Special Circumstances: Murder by Poison, PC 190.2(a)(19)
  • F 734.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 734.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Murder by Poison—Title
    • F 734.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 734.2 Instructions
    • F 734.2 Inst 1 Murder By Poison: Concurrence Of Intent To Kill And Administration Of Poison
    • F 734.2 Inst 2 Murder By Poison: Concurrence Of Killing And Intent To Kill
    • F 734.2 Inst 3 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
  • F 735 Special Circumstances: Discharge From Vehicle, PC 190.2(a)(21)
  • F 735.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 735.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Discharge From Vehicle—Title
    • F 735.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 735.2 Instructions
    • F 735.2 Inst 1 Special Circumstance: Discharge From Vehicle—Enumeration Of Elements; Specification Of Alleged Victim
    • F 735.2 Inst 2 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
  • F 735 NOTES
    • F 735 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Discharge From Vehicle—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
    • F 735 Note 2 Drive-By Murder Special Circumstance: Constitutional Challenge
  • F 736 Special Circumstances: Killing by Street Gang Member, PC 190.2(a)(22) (Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
  • F 736.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 736.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Killing by Street Gang Member—Title
    • F 736.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 736.2 Instructions
    • F 736.2 Inst 1 Gang Killing Special Circumstance: Specification Of Person Defendant Intended To Kill
    • F 736.2 Inst 2 Gang Killing Special Circumstance: Deletion Of Argumentative And Duplicative Language
    • F 736.2 Inst 3 Concurrence Of Act And Mental State (Knowledge)
    • F 736.2 Inst 4 Modification Of Language For Clarity And Precision
    • F 736.2 Inst 5 Gang Killing Special Circumstance: Concurrence Of Killing And Intent To Kill
    • F 736.2 Inst 6 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
    • F 736.2 Inst 7 Defendant Must Intend To Kill The Decedent; Defendant Must Be Actual Killer
  • F 736 NOTES
    • F 736 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Killing by Street Gang Member—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
    • F 736 Note 2 Gang Killing Special Circumstance: Applicability Of Transferred Intent
    • F 736 Note 3 Predicate Offense Not Satisfied By A Crime Occurring After The Charged Offense
  • F 736 Revision History and Commentary
  • F 737 Special Circumstances: Murder of Transportation Worker, PC 190.25
  • F 737.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 737.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Murder of Transportation Worker—Title
    • F 737.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 737.2 Instructions
    • F 737.2 Inst 1 “Reasonably Should Have Known”
    • F 737.2 Inst 2 Gang Killing Special Circumstance: Concurrence Of Killing And Intent To Kill
    • F 737.2 Inst 3 Linking Special Circumstance To the Murder To Which It Relates
  • F 738B 749 Reserved (III) Special Circumstances With Prior Murder (750-751)
  • F 750 Special Circumstances: Prior Murder Conviction, PC 190.2(a)(2)—Trial on Prior Murder, PC 190.1(a) & (b)
  • F 750.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 750.1 Inst 1 Special Circumstances: Prior Murder Conviction—Title
    • F 750.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 750.2 Instructions
    • F 750.2 Inst 1 No Duty To Decide
  • F 750 NOTES
    • F 750 Note 1 Special Circumstances: Prior Murder Conviction—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
    • F 750 Note 2 Murder With Prior Conviction Of Murder (PC 190.1(b)/PC 190.2(a)(2)/PC 190.2(b)): Intent To Kill Is Required Element Of Prior Murder For Accomplices (PC 190.2(b))
    • F 750 Note 3 Murder With Prior Conviction Of Murder (PC 190.1(b)/PC 190.2(a)(2)/PC 190.2(b)): No Intent to Kill Required For Prior Murder Special As To Actual Killer (PC 190.2(a))
    • F 750 Note 4 Murder With Prior Conviction Of Murder: Inapplicable To Conviction From Another Jurisdiction Which Could Not Have Been Tried As Murder In California
  • F 751 Second Degree Murder With Prior Prison for Murder, PC 190.05
  • F 751.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 751.1 Inst 1 Second Degree Murder With Prior Prison for Murder—Title
    • F 751.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 751.2 Instructions
    • F 751.2 Inst 1 No Duty To Decide
  • F 752B 759 Reserved
  • L. Death Penalty (760-766)
  • F 760 homicide: death penalty—Introduction to Penalty Phase
  • F 760.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 760.1 Inst 1 Death Penalty: Introduction To Penalty Phase—Title
    • F 760.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 760.2 Death Penalty: Introduction To Penalty Phase—Instructions
    • F 760.2 Inst 1 Telling The Jurors That They “Must Decide Which Penalty The Defendant Will Receive” Is Misleading And Coercive
  • F 760 NOTES
    • F 760 Note 1 Death Penalty: Introduction To Penalty Phase—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
    • F 760 Note 2 Meaning Of Life Without Parole: Legal Principles
    • F 760 Note 3 Factual Principles: LWOP
    • F 760 Note 4 Meaning Of LWOP: Strategy And Tactics
    • F 760 Note 5 Death Penalty: Duty Of Jurors To Find Preliminary Facts
  • F 761 Death Penalty: Duty Of Jury
  • F 761.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 761.1 Inst 1 Death Penalty: Duty Of Jury—Title
    • F 761.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
    • F 761.1 Inst 3 Written Instructions
  • F 761.2 Instructions
    • F 761.2 Inst 1 Modification For Clarity And Precision
    • F 761.2 Inst 2 Instruction Not To Consider “Deterrent Effect”
    • F 761.2 Inst 3 Instruction Not To Consider “Cost Savings Effect”
    • F 761.2 Inst 4 Jurors Not To Consider Defendant’s Sexual Preferences
    • F 761.2 Inst 5 No Consideration Of Intercase Proportionality
    • F 761.2 Inst 6 Intracase Proportionality
    • F 761.2 Inst 7 Effect Of Reversal
    • F 761.2 Inst 8 No Undue Influence From Repetition Instruction: Supplemental Instructions
    • F 761.2 Inst 9 Definitions Of Words And Phrases
    • F 761.2 Inst 10 Whether Jurors Are Fact Finders At The Penalty Phase
    • F 761.2 Inst 11 Jurors Not Required To Make A Penalty Decision
    • F 761.2 Inst 12 Strategies For Dealing With Instruction Allowing Jurors To Reject Counsel Arguments That Conflict With The Instructions
    • F 761.2 Inst 13 No Adverse Inference As To Penalty From Failure Of Defendant To Testify At Guilt Or Penalty Trial
    • F 761.2 Inst 14 Jury May Only Consider Testifying Defendant’s Demeanor, Conduct Or Appearance While He/She Is Testifying And Only As To Matters At Issue
  • F 761 NOTES
    • F 761 Note 1 Death Penalty: Duty Of Jury—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
    • F 761 Note 2 Instruction On Reasonable Doubt: Bifurcated Trial (CC 221)
    • F 761 Note 3 Instruction On Evidence (CC 222)
    • F 761 Note 4 Instruction On Circumstantial Evidence
    • F 761 Note 5 Instruction On Witnesses (CC 226)
    • F 761 Note 6 Jury Not To Consider Defendant’s Failure To Testify At Penalty Trial
    • F 761 Note 7 Death Penalty: Duty Of Jury—Expert Witnesses
    • F 761 Note 8 Jurors Must Be Properly Instructed On Evidentiary Matters At The Penalty Phase
  • F 762 [Reserved]
  • F 763 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Not Identified As Aggravating Or Mitigating (Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
  • F 763.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 763.1 Inst 1 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Not Identified As Aggravating Or Mitigating—Title
    • F 763.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 763.2 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—General Issues And Instructions
    • F 763.2 Inst 1 Definition Of Aggravating And Mitigating Factors
    • F 763.2 Inst 2 Jurors Not Required To Make A Penalty Decision
    • F 763.2 Inst 3 Deletion Of Inapplicable Factors
    • F 763.2 Inst 4 Mitigating Factor Not Shown To Exist By The Evidence Not An Aggravating Factor
    • F 763.2 Inst 5 Mitigating Factors Argued By Counsel Have Same Stature As Those Specifically Listed In Instructions
    • F 763.2 Inst 6 Existence Of Mitigating Factor May Be Based On Any Evidence No Matter How Weak
    • F 763.2 Inst 7 Jurors Not To Consider District Attorney’s Choice To Seek Death Penalty
    • F 763.2 Inst 8 Jurors May Reject Death Based On Any Mitigating Evidence Or Aspect Of The Case That Arouses Compassion For The Defendant
    • F 763.2 Inst 9 Specification Of Which Factors Are Aggravating And Mitigating
    • F 763.2 Inst 10 Jurors Must Not Be Permitted To “Double-Count” Non-Murder Crimes In The Current Proceedings
  • F 763.3 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Factor a: Circumstances of the Offense
    • F 763.3 (Factor a) Inst 1 Victim Impact: Limited To Damage Defendant Knew Or Should Have Known He Was Doing
    • F 763.3 Inst 2 (a-d) Victim Impact: Cautionary Instruction
    • F 763.3 (Factor a) Inst 3 Victim Impact: Clarification of Statutory Scheme In Light Of Victim Impact Evidence
    • F 763.3 (Factor a) Inst 4 Fact Of Conviction Not Aggravation
    • F 763.3 (Factor a) Inst 5 No Double Counting Of Special Circumstances Facts If Already Considered Under Factor (a)
    • F 763.3 (Factor a) Inst 6 Circumstances Of The Crime May Be Aggravating, Mitigating Or Neither
    • F 763.3 (Factor a) Inst 7 Special Circumstances Merely Establish Death Eligibility
    • F 763.3 (Factor a) Inst 8 Defendant’s Role As Accomplice Rather Than Perpetrator As Mitigation
    • F 763.3 (Factor a) Inst 9 (a-e) Lingering Doubt
    • F 763.3 (Factor a) Inst 10 Definition Of Lingering Doubt
    • F 763.3 (Factor a) Inst 11 Lingering Doubt As To Extent Of Defendant’s Guilt
    • F 763.3 (Factor a) Inst 12 Instruction That Lingering Doubt Is Included In Factor (a) and/or Factor (k)
    • F 763.3 (Factor a) Inst 13 Multiple Murder Special Circumstance: No Double Counting
  • F 763.3 (Factor a) Notes
    • F 763.3 (Factor a) Note 1 Victim Impact: Legal Issues
    • F 763.3 (Factor a) Note 2 Victim Impact: Improper Characterization Of The Defendant
    • F 763.3 (Factor a) Note 3 Victim Impact: Strategy
    • F 763.3 (Factor a) Note 4 Response To Argument That Lingering Doubt Is Included In Other Factors: Arguing That Lingering Doubt Is Included In Statutory Factors
    • F 763.3 (Factor a) Note 5 Propriety Of Lingering Doubt Instruction When Alternate Juror Is Substituted In
  • F 763.4 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Factor b: Prior Criminal Conduct
  • F 763.5 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Factor c: Prior Felony Convictions
  • F 763.6 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Factor d: Extreme Mental Or Emotional Disturbance
    • F 763.6 (Factor d) Inst 1 Deletion Of “Extreme”
    • F 763.6 (Factor d) Inst 2 Non-Extreme Mental Or Emotional Disturbance Is Included In Factor K Or Other General Instructions
    • F 763.6 (Factor d) Inst 3 Mental State Evidence Limited To Mitigation
    • F 763.6 (Factor d) Inst 4 Limiting Instruction When Mental State Evidence Admissible As To Aggravation
    • F 763.6 (Factor d) Inst 5 Mental Or Emotional Disturbance: Expert Not Required
    • F 763.6 (Factor d) Inst 6 Mental Or Emotional Disturbance: Does Not Need To Justify Or Excuse The Murder
    • F 763.6 (Factor d) Inst 7 Extreme Mental Or Emotional Disturbance (PC 190.3(d)): Reasonable Person Standard Inapplicable
    • F 763.6 (Factor d) Inst 8 Format for Instruction That Specific Mitigating Evidence Is Included in Factor K Or Other General Instructions
  • F 763.7 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Factor e: Inst 1 Victim Participation
  • F 763.7 (Factor e) Inst 1 Victim Participation: Rarely Used
  • F 763.8 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Factor f: Belief In Moral Justification
    • F 763.8 (Factor f) Inst 1 (a & b) Belief In Moral Justification: Subjective Standard; Unreasonable Belief Covered In Factor k
    • F 763.8 (Factor f) Inst 2 Moral Justification Mitigator: Applicability To Non-Killers
  • F 763.9 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Extreme Duress; Substantial Domination By Another
    • F 763.9 (Factor g) Inst 1 Deletion Of “Extreme”
    • F 763.9 (Factor g) Inst 2 Format for Instruction That Specific Mitigating Evidence Is Included In Factor K Or Other General Instructions
    • F 763.9 (Factor g) Inst 3 Substantial Domination: Force Not Necessary
    • F 763.9 (Factor f) Inst 4 Substantial Domination: One Coconspirator Controlling The Other
  • F 763.10 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Factor h: Diminished Capacity
    • F 763.10 (Factor h) Inst 1 Diminished Capacity: Lower Standard Than Insanity Or Diminished Actuality
    • F 763.10 (Factor h) Inst 2 Diminished Capacity: Consideration Under Factor k
    • F 763.10 (Factor h) Inst 3 Mental Impairment Not Limited To Excuse Or Negation Of An Element
    • F 763.10 (Factor h) Inst 4 Mental State Evidence Limited To Mitigation
    • F 763.10 (Factor h) Inst 5 Limiting Instruction When Mental State Evidence Admissible As To Aggravation
    • F 763.10 (Factor h) Inst 6 Mental Impairment Need Not Be Operative At The Time Of The Offense
    • F 763.10 (Factor h) Inst 7 Mental Impairment May Be Considered As Mitigation Even If Jurors Rejected Guilt Phase Defense
  • F 763.10 (Factor h) NOTES
    • F 763.10 (Factor h) Note 1 Placing Defendant’s Mental State At Issue Permits Mental Examination Of Defendant By Prosecution
  • F 763.11 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Factor j: Minor Participation By Accomplice
    • F 763.11 (Factor j) Inst 1 (a & b) Role Of Others In The Crime
    • F 763.11 (Factor j) Inst 2 Vicarious Liability Not Applicable To Determination Of Sentence
  • F 763.12 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Factor k: “Catchall”
    • F 763.12 (Factor k) Inst 1 Failure To Clearly Allow Consideration Of Prospective Mitigation
    • F 763.12 (Factor k) Inst 2 Failure To Clearly Allow Consideration Of The Defendant’s Good Qualities
    • F 763.12 (Factor k) Inst 3 Jury Not Required To “Reach A Decision”
    • F 763.12 (Factor k) Inst 4 Jurors Should Consider Any Sympathetic Circumstances
    • F 763.12 (Factor k) Inst 5 Consideration Of Potential For Rehabilitation And For Leading A Useful Life In Prison
    • F 763.12 (Factor k) Inst 6 Mercy Can Itself Be A Mitigating Factor
  • F 763.12 (Factor k) Notes
    • F 763.12 (Factor k) Note 1 Consideration Of Remorse Under Factor K
  • F 763.13 Death Penalty: Factors to Consider—Remorse
    • F 763.13 Inst 1 (a & b) Remorse Is Mitigation; Lack Of Remorse Is Not Aggravation
    • F 763.13 Inst 2 Jury May Not Consider Non-Testifying Defendant’s Courtroom Appearance, Conduct Or Demeanor To Find Lack Of Remorse In Capital Trial
    • F 763.13 Inst 3 Defendant’s Failure To Confess Or Denial Of Guilt Is Not Lack Of Remorse Or Aggravation
  • F 763.13 Death Penalty: Factors—Notes
    • F 763.13 Note 1 Remorse May Be Considered Under Factor K
    • F 763.13 Note 2 Whether Fifth Amendment Precludes Finding Lack Of Remorse Based On Defendant’s Failure To Testify
  • F 763 Revision History and Commentary
  • F 764 Death Penalty: Evidence Of Other Violent Crimes
  • F 764.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 764.1 Inst 1 Death Penalty: Evidence Of Other Violent Crimes—Title
    • F 764.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 764.2 INSTRUCTIONS
    • F 764.2 Inst 1 (a & b) Jury Must Determine Whether Unadjudicated Acts Were “Violent” And “Criminal”
    • F 764.2 Inst 2 Death Penalty: Jury May Not Consider Non-Violent Acts Or Juvenile Adjudications
    • F 764.2 Inst 3 When Uncharged-Act-Instruction (e.g., CALCRIM 375) Given At The Guilt Phase Of Capital Trial
    • F 764.2 Inst 4 (a-c) Evidence Presented For A Limited Purpose
    • F 764.2 Inst 5 Unadjudicated Violent Crimes: Continuous Course Of Criminal Activity /Conspiracy
    • F 764.2 Inst 6 Defense Theory That Prior Criminal Activity Or Convictions Are Mitigating
    • F 764.2 Inst 7 Clarification Of Difference Between Factor(b) And Factor(c)
    • F 764.2 Inst 8 Limiting Instruction: Unadjudicated “Other Crimes” Evidence Offered For Reasons Other Then Aggravation Under PC 190.3(b)
    • F 764.2 Inst 9 Other Criminal Activity Not To Be Considered Under Factor (a)
    • F 764.2 Inst 10 Instruction Should Refer To “Felony” Offenses Not Merely “Crimes”
  • F 764 NOTES
    • F 764 Note 1 Legal Rules
    • F 764 Note 2 Factor b: Requirements
    • F 764 Note 3 Applicability Of Accomplice Instructions To Penalty Phase
    • F 764 Note 4 Accomplice Testimony Regarding Factor (b) Evidence
    • F 764 Note 5 Prior Violent Criminal Activity (PC 190.3(b)):Consideration Of Greater Uncharged Offense
    • F 764 Note 6 Unadjudicated Violent Crimes: Applicability To Arson
    • F 764 Note 7 Unadjudicated Violent Crimes: Prosecution May Obtain Instruction On Each Crime
    • F 764 Note 8 Unadjudicated Violent Crimes: Accomplice Testimony Must be Corroborated
    • F 764 Note 9 Unadjudicated Violent Crimes: Objection To Instruction On Elements As Prosecution Pinpoint Instruction
    • F 764 Note 10 Prior Felony Convictions: Instructions Given Must Be Correct
    • F 764 Note 11 Unanimity As To Factor b Crimes
    • F 764 Note 12 Modification Of Guilt Phase Instructions
    • F 764 Note 13 Factor (b) Instructions Should Reflect Wording At The Time Of The Act
    • F 764 Note 14 Absence Of Factor b Evidence As Mitigation
    • F 764 Note 15 Whether A Crime Involves Force Or Violence Under Factor b Depends On The Circumstances Of Its Commission
  • F 765 (Factor c) Death Penalty: Conviction for Other Felony Crimes
  • F 765.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 765.1 Inst 1 Death Penalty: Conviction For Other Felony Crimes—Title
    • F 765.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 765.2 Prior Felony Convictions: Instructions And Notes
    • F 765.2 Inst 1 Absence Of Prior Felony Conviction As Mitigation (PC 190.3(c))
    • F 765.2 Inst 2 Duty To Instruct That Facts Underlying Prior Conviction Under Factor C Must Be Proved Beyond A Reasonable Doubt
  • F 765.3 Death Penalty: Conviction For Other Felony Crimes—Burden Of Proof Issues
    • F 765.3 Inst 1 Relating Prosecution Burden To Enumerated Elements
  • F 765 Notes
    • F 765 Note 1 Death Penalty: Conviction For Other Felony Crimes—CALCRIM Cross-References And Research Notes
    • F 765 Note 2 Prior Felony Convictions: Instructions Given Must Be Correct
    • F 765 Note 3 Defense Theory That Prior Criminal Activity Or Convictions Are Mitigating
    • F 765 Note 4 Reasonable Doubt Instruction Required For “Factor c” Felony Convictions
  • F 766 Death Penalty: Weighing Process (Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
  • F 766.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 766.1 Inst 1 Death Penalty: Weighing Process—Title
    • F 766.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 766.2 INSTRUCTIONS
    • F 766.2 Inst 1 (a & b) Jurors Not Required To Decide Penalty
    • F 766.2 Inst 2 (a & b) Eyewitness Identification: Death Penalty Should Not Be Imposed Where Guilt Is Based Solely On Testimony Of A Single Eyewitness
    • F 766.2 Inst 3 Law Gives No Preference As To Appropriate Penalty
    • F 766.2 Inst 4 Life Verdict Permissible Even If Aggravating Factor Found
    • F 766.2 Inst 5 Death Not Required Even If All Jurors Find That Aggravation Warrants Death
    • F 766.2 Inst 6 Consequences Of Failure To Agree At Penalty: Jury Should Be Informed That Guilt And Special Circumstance Verdicts Will Not Be Affected
  • F 766.3 Death Penalty: Weighing Process—Meaning Of Life Without Parole
    • F 766.3 Inst 1 Curative Admonition During Voir Dire
    • F 766.3 Inst 2 Juror Misconceptions About Parole From Pre-1978 Cases Expressed During Voir Dire
    • F 766.3 Inst 3 (a & b) Commutation Of LWOP Sentence Is Rarely, If Ever, Granted
    • F 766.3 Inst 4 LWOP Means LWOP; Death Means Death
    • F 766.3 Inst 5 (a & b) “Death Is Worse Than LWOP”
  • F 766 NOTES
    • F 766 Note 1 Juries Should Assume That Death Sentence Will Be Carried Out
  • F 767 Response To Juror Inquiry About Commutation Of Sentence In Death Penalty Case
    • F 767 Inst 1 The Supreme Court’s Instructional Language Should Take Precedence Over The CALCRIM Committee’s Language
  • F 767 NOTES
    • F 767 Note 1 Commutation Issues And Instructions
  • F 768 – 774 Reserved
  • F 775 Death Penalty: Mental Retardation [No Forecite Entries On This Instruction]
  • F 775 NoTES
    • F 775 Note 1 Examination Of Defendant By Prosecution Expert
  • F 776B 799 Reserved
  • Register as New User
  • Contact Us
© James Publishing, Inc. (866) 72-JAMES