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SERIES 3400 DEFENSES AND INSANITY

A. General Defenses

    • F 3400 Alibi
    • F 3400.1Titles And Identification Of Parties
      • F 3400.1 Inst 1 Alibi—Title
      • F 3400.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
      • F 3400.1 Inst 3 Delete The Term “Alibi” From Title Of Instruction
    • F 3400.2 Alibi—Tailoring To Facts: Persons, Places, Things And Theories
      • F 3400.2 Inst 1 Modification When Existence Of Crime Is At Issue
      • F 3400.2 Inst 2 (a & b) Clarification Of Prosecution Burden
      • F 3400.2 Inst 3 Jurors Must Unanimously Reject Any Defenses Before Convicting
    • F 3400 NOTES
      • F 3400 Note 1 Alibi: Instruction As Sanction For Defendant’s Discovery Violation
    • F 3401 Reserved
    • F 3402 Duress Or Threats
      • F 3402 Inst 1 Modification Of Burden Shifting Language
      • F 3402 Inst 2 Delete Argumentative Language
      • F 3402 Inst 3 Jurors Must Unanimously Reject Any Defenses Before Convicting
      • F 3402 Inst 4 Duress Applies To Threat Of Great Bodily Injury
    • F 3403 Necessity
      • F 3403 Inst 1 Preponderance Is Lesser Standard
      • F 3403 Inst 2 Necessity—Reasonable Foreseeability Based On Potential For Harm Not Actual Harm
      • F 3403 Inst 3 Reasonable Person Standard: Known And Apparent Circumstances
      • F 3403 Inst 4 Jurors Must Unanimously Reject Any Defenses Before Convicting
    • F 3403 Notes
      • F 3403 Note 1 “Medical Necessity” Defense For Possession Of Marijuana
    • F 3404 Accident
      • F 3404 Inst 1 (a & b) Burden Shifting; Tailoring; Concurrence Of Act And Intent
      • F 3404 Inst 2 Jurors Must Unanimously Reject Any Defenses Before Convicting
    • F 3404 Notes
      • F 3404 Note 1 Instruction On Both Accident And Self Defense
      • F 3404 Note 2 Duty To Instruct On Accident; Prejudice From Failure To So Instruct [Sample Briefing]
    • F 3405 Parental Right To Punish A Child
      • F 3405 Inst 1 Modification Of Burden Shifting Language
      • F 3405 Inst 2 Jurors Must Unanimously Reject Any Defenses Before Convicting
    • F 3406 Mistake Of Fact (Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
      • F 3406 Inst 1 Mistake Of Fact: Modification Of Burden Shifting Language
      • F 3406 Inst 2 (a & b) Bigamy: Mistake Of Fact As Defense (PC 281)
      • F 3406 Inst 3 Unlawful Sexual Intercourse: Mistake Of Fact As Defense (PC 261.5)
      • F 3406 Inst 4 Jurors Must Unanimously Reject Any Defenses Before Convicting
      • F 3406 Inst 5 Mistake Of Fact: Deletion Of Terms “General” and “Specific” Intent
    • F 3406 Notes
      • F 3406 Note 1 Mistake of Fact: CALCRIM Cross References And Research Notes
      • F 3406 Note 2 Right To Instruction On Mistake Of Fact
      • F 3406 Note 3 Claim Of Right: Overlap With Mistake Of Fact
      • F 3406 Note 4 Even If Knowledge Of Age Is Not An Element Of The Charge, Mistake Of Fact May Be An Affirmative Defense
    • F 3407 Defenses: Mistake Of Law
      • F 3407 Inst 1 Delete Mistake Of Law Instruction As Duplicative And Argumentative
      • F 3407 Inst 2 (a & b) Argumentative Language Should Be Balanced To Assure Jurors Consider All Relevant Evidence
      • F 3407 Inst 3 Mistake Of Law May Negate Specific Intent
      • F 3407 Inst 4 Jurors Must Unanimously Reject Any Defenses Before Convicting
      • F 3407 Inst 5 Pinpoint Instruction On Mistake Of Law.
      • F 3407 Inst 6 (a-c) Vagueness Of Law As Relevant To Mistake Of Law.
    • F 3408 Entrapment
      • F 3408 Inst 1 Entrapment: Preponderance Is Lesser Standard
      • F 3408 Inst 2 Entrapment: Examples Are Not Exclusive
      • F 3408 Inst 3 Entrapment: Deletion Of Duplicative, Irrelevant And Argumentative Language
      • F 3408 Inst 4 (a & b) Argumentative Language Should Be Balanced To Assure Jurors Consider All Relevant Evidence
      • F 3408 Inst 5 Entrapment: Considerations Are Not Exclusive
      • F 3408 Inst 6 Entrapment: Jury Not Required To Decide
      • F 3408 Inst 7 Jurors Must Unanimously Reject Any Defenses Before Convicting
    • F 3409 When Conduct of Officer May Not Be Attributed To Defendant
      • F 3409 Inst 1 Officer/Accomplice: Pinpoint Instruction Relating Defense Theory To Burden Of Proof
    • F 3410 Statute Of Limitations
      • F 3410 Inst 1 Preponderance Is Lesser Standard
      • F 3410 Inst 2 Jurors Must Unanimously Reject Any Defenses Before Convicting
    • F 3411–3424 Reserved

B. Impairment Defenses

    • F 3425 Unconsciousness
      • F 3425 Inst 1 (a & b) Unconsciousness: Modification Of Burden Shifting Language
      • F 3425 Inst 2 Instruction That Jurors “Should” Find Consciousness If The Defendant Acted As If Conscious As Improper Presumption And Argument
      • F 3425 Inst 3 Unconsciousness: Listed Examples Not Exclusive
      • F 3425 Inst 4 Voluntary Intoxication As Cause Of Unconsciousness
      • F 3425 Inst 5 Jurors Must Unanimously Reject Any Defenses Before Convicting
    • F 3426 Voluntary Intoxication
      • F 3426 Inst 1 Modification Of Burden Shifting Language
      • F 3426 Inst 2 Jurors Must Consider Intoxication Evidence
      • F 3426 Inst 3 Deletion Of Misleading “Assuming The Risk” Language
      • F 3426 Inst 4 Improper Reference To Voluntary Intoxication As A “Defense”
      • F 3426 Inst 5 Negation Of Knowledge And Intent Elements Of Aiding And Abetting
      • F 3426 Inst 6 Deletion Of The Term “Voluntary” In Describing Intoxication
      • F 3426 Inst 7 Jurors Must Unanimously Reject Any Defenses Before Convicting
      • F 3426 Inst 8 Consideration Of Intoxication Regarding Voluntariness And Trustworthiness Of Defendant’s Statements
    • F 3427 Involuntary Intoxication (Case Law Discussing This Instruction)
      • F 3427 Inst 1 Modification Of Burden Shifting Language
      • F 3427 Inst 2 Defendant Does Not Need To Prove Intoxication
      • F 3427 Inst 3 Jurors Must Unanimously Reject Any Defenses Before Convicting
      • F 3427 Inst 4 Deletion Of Misleading “Assuming The Risk” Language
      • F 3427 Inst 5 Knowing Ingestion Of Prescription Medication Without Knowledge Of Its Intoxicating Effect
    • F 3427 NOTES
      • F 3427 Note 1 Involuntary Intoxication Based On Ingestion Of Prescription Medication
      • F 3427 Note 2 No Reference To Whether Or Not Intoxication Was Voluntary Unless That Issue Is Raised By The Evidence
    • F 3428 Mental Impairment: Defense To Specific Intent Or Mental State
      • F 3428 Inst 1 Mental Impairment: Defendant Does Not Need To Prove
      • F 3428 Inst 2 Mental Impairment: Modification Of Argumentative Language
      • F 3428 Inst 3 Mental Impairment: Jurors To Consider The Evidence; Modification Of Limiting Language
      • F 3428 Inst 4 Mental Impairment: Concurrence Of Act And Intent/Mental State
      • F 3428 Inst 5 Jurors Must Unanimously Reject Any Defenses Before Convicting
      • F 3428 Inst 6 Mental Impairment: Deletion Of Terms “General” and “Specific” Intent
    • F 3428 NOTES
      • F 3428 Note 1 Whether Placing Defendant’s Mental State At Issue Permits Mental Examination Of Defendant By Prosecution
    • F 3429 Reasonable Person Standard For Physically Disabled Person
      • F 3429 Inst 1 Reasonable Person Standard: Consideration Of Circumstances From Defendant’s Perspective
      • F 3429 Inst 2 Reasonable Person Standard For Battered Person Syndrome
      • F 3429 Inst 3 Reasonable Person Standard For Intoxicated Person
      • F 3429 Inst 4 Jurors Must Unanimously Reject Any Defenses Before Convicting
    • F 3430– 3449 Reserved

C. Insanity And Civil Commitments

    • F 3450 INSANITY: DETERMINATION, EFFECT OF VERDICT (PC 25, 25.5) (Case Law Discussing this instruction)
    • F 3454 Commitment as Sexually Violent Predator (WI 6600, WI 6600.1) (Case Law Discussing this instruction)
    • F 3454 Note 1 Argument Strategy: SVP Requires Impairment Of Ability To Control Violent Criminal Sexual Behavior
    • F 3455 Idiocy As A Defense
      • F 3455 Inst 1 Idiocy: Preponderance Of Evidence Is Lesser Standard
      • F 3455 Inst 2 Jurors Must Unanimously Reject Any Defenses Before Convicting
    • F 3456–3469 Reserved

D. Self-Defense And Defense Of Another

  • F 3470 Right To Self-Defense Or Defense Of Another (Non-Homicide) (Case Law Discussing this instruction)
  • F 3470.1 Titles And Identification Of Parties
    • F 3470.1 Inst 1 Right To Self-Defense Or Defense Of Another (Non-Homicide)—Title
    • F 3470.1 Inst 2 Identification Of Prosecution And Defendant
  • F 3470.2 Right To Self-Defense Or Defense Of Another (Non-Homicide)—Burden Of Proof
    • F 3470.2 Inst 1 (a & b) Deletion Of Burden Shifting Language
    • F 3470.2 Inst 2 Beliefs Were Unreasonable: Modification Of Burden Shifting Language; No Duty To Decide
    • F 3470.2 Inst 3 Antecedent Threats: Modification Of Burden Shifting Language
    • F 3470.2 Inst 4 Whether Danger Actually Existed: Modification Of Improper Burden Shifting Language
    • F 3470.2 Inst 5 Whether Defendant Used Unreasonable Force: Modification Of Burden Shifting Language
  • F 3470.3 Prior Conduct Of Victim And Associates Re: Defendant’s Subjective Belief And Objective Reasonableness
    • F 3470.3 Inst 1 A Previously Battered Person Has The Right To Act More Quickly And Harshly In Self-Defense
    • F 3470.3 Inst 2 Antecedent Threats By A Third Party Or Group Justify Quicker And Harsher Measures In Self-Defense
    • F 3470.3 Inst 3 Antecedent Threats: Existence Of Threat To Be Determined In Light Of All The Surrounding Circumstances
    • F 3470.3 Inst 4 Battered Person Syndrome As Relevant To Issue Of Imminent Danger
  • F 3470.4 Prior Conduct Of Victim Re: Identification Of Assailant
    • F 3470.4 Inst 1 Assaultive Character To Show Victim Acted In Conformity With Character
    • F 3470.4 Inst 2 Evidence Of Assaultive Acts To Show Victim Acted In Accordance With Character And To Show Reasonableness Of Defendant’s Belief
  • F 3470.5 Reasonable Person Standard
    • F 3470.5 Inst 1 Improper Requirement That Actual Force Used Not Be Unreasonable
    • F 3470.5 Inst 2 Reasonable Person Standard: Consideration Of Specific Circumstances
    • F 3470.5 Inst 3 Reasonable Person Standard: The “Same” Rather Then A “Similar” Situation
  • F 3470.6 What Conduct Justifies Self-Defense
    • F 3470.6 Inst 1 Self-Defense: Driving By Person Who May Initiate An Assault Does Not Negate Driver’s Right To Self-Defense
    • F 3470.6 Inst 2 Antecedent Threats: Existence Of Threat To Be Determined In Light Of All The Surrounding Circumstances
  • F 3470.7 Self-Defense: Miscellaneous
    • F 3470.7 Inst 1 Deletion Of Argumentative And Duplicative Language
    • F 3470.7 Inst 2 Transferred Self-Defense
    • F 3470.7 Inst 3 Jurors Must Unanimously Reject Any Defenses Before Convicting
    • F 3470.7 Inst 4 Self-Defense Available When Defendant Threatens To Use Force
  • F 3470 NOTES
    • F 3470 Note 1 Right To Self-Defense Or Defense Of Another (Non-Homicide)—CALCRIM Cross References And Research Notes
    • F 3470 Note 2 Self-Defense: Battered Woman/Child Syndrome
    • F 3470 Note 3 Self-Defense: Vulnerability Of Defendant To Show Honest Belief In Peril
    • F 3470 Note 4 Self-Defense: Abnormal Fear As Evidence Of Honest Belief Of Peril
    • F 3470 Note 5 Duty To Instruct On Self-Defense Or Imperfect Self-Defense When Defendant Has Not Testified
    • F 3470 Note 6 Antecedent Threat Doctrine Applies To Recent Threats Or Violence By Victim
    • F 3470 Note 7 Failure To Request Antecedent Threats Instruction As IAC
    • F 3470 Note 8 Self-Defense: Applicability To Aider And Abettor
    • F 3470 Note 9 Prisoner’s Right To Self Defense
    • F 3470 Note 10 Excessive Force Principals Apply To Arrests By Both Police Officers And Citizens
    • F 3470 Note 11 CALCRIM 505 Should Not Be Used For Non-Homicide Target Crimes In A Homicide Prosecution Based On The Natural And Probable Consequences Doctrine Of Aider And Abettor Liability
  • F 3471 Right to Self-Defense: Mutual Combat Or Initial Aggressor
    (Case Law Discussing This Instruction)

    • F 3471 Inst 1 Modification Of Burden Shifting Language; Tailoring To Facts
    • F 3471 Inst 2 Mutual Combat Or Initial Aggressor: Burden Of Prosecution
    • F 3471 Inst 3 Mutual Combat Or Initial Aggressor: Deadly Escalation—Modification Of Burden Shifting Language
    • F 3471 Inst 4 Jurors Must Unanimously Reject Any Defenses Before Convicting
    • F 3471 Inst 5 Mutual Combat Requires “Prearrangement” or “Agreement to Fight”
  • F 3472 Right To Self-Defense: May Not Be Contrived
    • F 3472 Inst 1 Self-Defense May Not Be Contrived: Specification Of Elements And Burden Of Proof
    • F 3472 Inst 2 Jurors Must Unanimously Reject Any Defenses Before Convicting
  • F 3473 Reserved
  • F 3474 Danger No Longer Exists Or Attacker Disabled
    • F 3474 Inst 1 Specification Of Elements And Burden Of Proof
  • F 3475 Right To Eject Trespasser From Real Property
    • F 3475 Inst 1 Beliefs Were Unreasonable: Modification Of Burden Shifting Language; No Duty To Decide
    • F 3475 Inst 2 Ejecting Trespasser: Pinpoint Instruction
    • F 3475 Inst 3 Ejecting Trespasser: Pinpoint Instruction Re: Reasonableness Of Force
    • F 3475 Inst 4 Ejecting Trespasser: Pinpoint Instruction—Increase Force
    • F 3475 Inst 5 Jurors Must Unanimously Reject Any Defenses Before Convicting
    • F 3475 Inst 6 Right To Eject A Trespasser Who Does Not “Pose A Threat”
  • F 3476 Right To Defend Real Or Personal Property
    • F 3476 Inst 1 Defense Of Property: Correction Of Burden Shifting Language; Defense Pinpoint Instruction
    • F 3476 Inst 2 Beliefs Were Unreasonable: Modification Of Burden Shifting Language; No Duty To Decide
    • F 3476 Inst 3 Jurors Must Unanimously Reject Any Defenses Before Convicting
  • F 3477 Presumption That Resident Was Reasonably Afraid Of Death Or Great Bodily Injury
    • F 3477 Inst 1 (a & b) Presumption Of Innocence Should Apply To Self-Defense—Modification To Comply With Presumption Of Innocence
    • F 3477 Inst 2 Jurors Must Unanimously Reject Any Defenses Before Convicting
    • F 3477 Inst 3 “Serious Bodily Harm” As Plain Language Paraphrase Of “Great Bodily Injury”
  • 3478–3499 Reserved
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